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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ophthalmology. 2020 Feb 25;127(8):1000–1011. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.02.022

Table 4.

Differential Effects of Age, Sex, Comorbidity, and Institutionalization on Likelihood of Receiving Eye Care based on Dementia Status

Dementia No Dementia
Adjusted Hazard Ratio 95% Confidence Interval Adjusted Hazard Ratio 95% Confidence Interval
Any Eye Care Provider Visit
 Age (5-year increments) 0.879 0.877–0.882 0.961 0.961–0.962
 Female sex 0.862 0.855–0.870 1.116 1.113–1.118
 Charlson Comorbidity Index >4 0.935 0.924–0.946 1.156 1.153–1.159
 Skilled nursing facility 1.093 1.069–1.118 0.909 0.896–0.922
Ophthalmologist Visit
 Age (5-year increments) 0.814 0.811–0.817 0.962 0.961–0.963
 Female sex 0.779 0.771–0.788 1.180 1.177–1.183
 Charlson Comorbidity Index >4 0.938 0.924–0.951 1.344 1.341–1.348
 Skilled nursing facility 0.811 0.785–0.837 0.872 0.858–0.887
Cataract Surgery1
 Age (5-year increments) 0.724 0.719–0.729 0.925 0.923–0.927
 Female sex 0.752 0.737–0.767 1.037 1.033–1.042
 Charlson Comorbidity Index >4 0.746 0.729–0.763 1.046 1.041–1.051
 Skilled nursing facility 0.925 0.852–1.005 1.042 1.004–1.081
1

among beneficiaries with ophthalmologist visits at baseline