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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 11.
Published in final edited form as: Stress Health. 2020 Mar 5;36(3):384–395. doi: 10.1002/smi.2933

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Likelihood of engaging in negative prenatal health behaviors by stressor type, timing, and primary life domain. Risk of engaging in more negative prenatal health behaviors differed substantially by stressor timing and primary life domain. Regarding stress exposure timing, risk was greater for women experiencing stress during adolescence and adulthood versus childhood. Additionally, risk was greater for women experiencing stressors in the life domains of housing and marital/partner. ** p < .01; *** p < .001; CI, confidence interval; ns, not significant. (N = 164)