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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: AJOB Empir Bioeth. 2020 Apr 27;11(3):172–186. doi: 10.1080/23294515.2020.1755383

Table 2.

Participant Characteristics

TOTAL Cabarrus Durham Mingo Quitman p-value*
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Total participants 120 (100) 30 (25) 31 (26) 28 (23) 31 (26)
Gender
 Men 44 (37) 10 (33) 14 (45) 9 (32) 11 (36) 0.72
 Women 76 (63) 20 (67) 17 (55) 19 (68) 20 (65)
Age group
 18–24 5 (4) - - 2 (6) 1 (4) 2 (6) 0.43
 25–34 26 (22) 5 (17) 6 (19) 8 (29) 7 (23)
 35–44 20 (17) 7 (23) 7 (23) 4 (14) 2 (7)
 45–54 22 (18) 10 (33) 3 (10) 4 (14) 5 (16)
 55–64 26 (22) 4 (13) 7 (23) 5 (18) 10 (32)
 ≥65 21 (16) 4 (13) 6 (19) 6 (21) 5 (16)
Education
 Below high school (HS) 11 (9) 3 (10) 2 (7) 3 (11) 3 (10) 0.09
 HS/GED/Vocational 31 (26) 4 (13) 7 (23) 11 (39) 9 (29)
 AA/Some college 32 (27) 7 (23) 5 (16) 9 (32) 11 (35)
 BA and above 46 (38) 16 (53) 17 (55) 5 (18) 8 (26)
Race
 Black or African American 39 (33) 4 (14) 14 (45) 1 (4) 20 (65) 0.00
 White 77 (64) 24 (80) 15 (48) 27 (96) 11 (36)
 Hispanic 2 (2) 1 (3) 1 (3) - - - -
 Asian 1 (1) 1 (3) - - - - - -
 More than one race 1 (1) - - 1 (3) - - - -
Overall healtha
 Poor/fair 26 (22) 2 (7) 4 (13) 10 (36) 10 (32) 0.01
 Good 42 (35) 13 (43) 7 (23) 9 (32) 13 (42)
 Very good/excellent 52 (43) 15 (50) 20 (65) 9 (32) 8 (26)
Healthcare visits in past yearb
 0 10 (8) 2 (7) - - 4 (14) 4 (13) 0.22
 1–2 41 (34) 11 (37) 17 (55) 5 (18) 8 (26)
 3–4 36 (30) 10 (33) 8 (26) 8 (29) 10 (32)
 5–9 19 (16) 5 (17) 3 (10) 7 (25) 4 (13)
 ≥10 14 (12) 2 (7) 3 (10) 4 (14) 5 (16)
Healthcare prohibited by costc
 No 89 (74) 23 (77) 26 (84) 21 (75) 19 (61) 0.23
 Yes 31 (26) 7 (23) 5 (16) 7 (25) 12 (39)
Have regular healthcare providerd
 No 24 (20) 2 (7) 7 (23) 6 (21) 9 (29) 0.17
 Yes 96 (80) 28 (93) 24 (77) 22 (79) 22 (71)
*

p-values obtained using Pearson chi-square tests.

a

Asked: In general, how would you rate your health?

b

Asked: During the past 12 months, not counting times you went to an emergency room, how many times did you go to a healthcare provider to get care for yourself?

c

Asked: Was there a time in the past 12 months when you needed to see a healthcare provider but could not because of cost?

d

Asked: Do you have one healthcare provider (such as a doctor, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or other health professional) that you see for most of your care?