a Sample traces of EEG recordings and summary graph showing significant cessation of SWDs in NLG2 KO mice with systemic injection of ETX (200 mg/kg) compared to control (Ctrl, 0.3% tween 80) (p < 0.0001, ETX: n = 8, Ctrl: n = 8, significant difference at each post-injection time point). b–d Sample traces of EEG recordings and summary graph of SWDs in NLG2 KO mice locally injected with either 1 μl 100 mg/ml ETX or 0.3% tween 80 control solvent (Ctrl) to the cortex (b), hippocampus (c), or thalamus (d) showing significant cessation of SWDs in thalamus injected mice (p < 0.0001, ETX: n = 5, Ctrl: n = 4, significant difference at each post-injection time point), but not in cortex (p = 0.5226, ETX: n = 5, Ctrl: n = 8) or hippocampus (p = 0.7673, ETX: n = 7, Ctrl: n = 7) injected mice. e Sample traces and summary graph showing significant cessation of SWDs in NLG2 KO mice systemically injected with 1 mg/kg diazepam compared to saline (Ctrl) (p < 0.0001, Diazepam: n = 6, Ctrl: n = 7, significant difference at each post-injection time point). f–h Sample traces and summary graphs of SWDs in NLG2 KO mice locally injected with either 1 μl 5 mg/ml diazepam or saline (Ctrl) to the cortex (f), hippocampus (g), or thalamus (h) showing significant cessation of SWDs in the thalamus injected mice (p < 0.0001, Diazepam: n = 6, Ctrl: n = 7, significant difference at each post-injection time point), but not in the cortex (p = 0.9265, Diazepam: n = 6, Ctrl: n = 8) or hippocampus (p = 0.5791, Diazepam: n = 5, Ctrl: n = 7) injected mice. Arrow indicates the time for injection. Scale bars: 3 s/100 μV. Data in a–h represent mean ± SEM. ns nonsignificant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 with two-sided t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.