Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants. Data were presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables, and number (%) for categorical variables. Abbreviation: CHD, coronary heart disease; HF, heart failure; BMI, body mass index; Kt/V, an indicator for evaluating dialysis adequacy; Hb, hemoglobin; ALB, albumin; CRP, C-reactive protein; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; MoCA-BJ, the Chinese Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; ADL, activities of daily living.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 613) | Cognitive impairment | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 117) | Mild (n = 228) | Major (n = 268) | |||
| Age, years | 63.82 ± 7.14 | 59.29 ± 7.71 | 63.82 ± 7.14 | 65.41 ± 7.62 | < 0.001 |
| Gender, female | 258 (42.1%) | 47 (40.2%) | 93 (40.8%) | 118 (44.0%) | 0.695 |
| Marital status | 0.773 | ||||
| Single | 53 (8.6%) | 10 (8.5%) | 22 (9.6%) | 21 (7.8%) | |
| Married | 560 (91.4%) | 107 (91.5%) | 206 (90.4%) | 247 (92.2%) | |
| Education level | 0.002 | ||||
| < 6 years | 36 (5.9%) | 6 (5.1%) | 11 (4.8%) | 19 (7.1%) | |
| 6–12 years | 408 (66.5%) | 63 (53.8%) | 169 (74.1%) | 175 (65.2%) | |
| > 12 years | 169 (27.6%) | 48 (41.0%) | 48 (21.1%) | 74 (27.7%) | |
| Smoking history | 0.783 | ||||
| Never | 343 (56.0%) | 66 (56.4%) | 121 (53.1%) | 156 (58.2%) | |
| Former | 186 (30.3%) | 34 (29.1%) | 76 (33.3%) | 76 (28.4%) | |
| Current | 84 (13.7%) | 17 (14.5%) | 31 (13.6%) | 36 (13.4%) | |
| Alcohol intake | 0.226 | ||||
| Never | 352 (57.4%) | 66 (56.4%) | 123 (53.9%) | 163 (60.8%) | |
| Former | 233 (38.0%) | 45 (38.5%) | 90 (39.5%) | 98 (36.6%) | |
| Current | 28 (4.6%) | 6 (5.1%) | 15 (6.6%) | 7 (2.6%) | |
| Medical history | |||||
| Diabetes | 231 (37.7%) | 33 (28.2%) | 84 (36.8%) | 114 (42.5%) | 0.027 |
| Hypertension | 545 (88.9%) | 95 (81.2%) | 203 (89.1%) | 250 (93.3%) | 0.004 |
| Stroke | 100 (16.3%) | 6 (5.1%) | 38 (16.7%) | 56 (20.9%) | 0.001 |
| CHD | 193 (31.5%) | 36 (30.8%) | 68 (29.8%) | 89 (33.2%) | 0.709 |
| HF | 104 (17.0%) | 20 (17.1%) | 40 (17.5%) | 44 (16.4%) | 0.975 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.60 ± 4.11 | 24.21 ± 5.78 | 23.29 ± 3.53 | 23.60 ± 3.69 | 0.171 |
| Dialysis vintage, mo | 57.00 (24.00, 101.50) | 43.00 (12.00, 87.75) | 57.00 (20.75, 108.00) | 65.00 (32.00, 103.00) | < 0.001 |
| Single-pool Kt/V | 1.29 ± 0.18 | 1.37 ± 0.15 | 1.30 ± 0.19 | 1.24 ± 0.16 | < 0.001 |
| Hb, g/L | 11.11 ± 1.46 | 11.07 ± 1.53 | 11.11 ± 1.64 | 11.13 ± 1.27 | 0.938 |
| Alb, g/L | 39.93 ± 3.18 | 40.25 ± 2.55 | 39.99 ± 3.20 | 39.75 ± 3.38 | 0.429 |
| CRP, mg/L | 2.60 (1.19, 7.05) | 2.37 (1.21, 6.04) | 2.79 (1.19, 6.35) | 2.70 (1.15, 7.58) | 0.807 |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.24 ± 0.25 | 2.21 ± 0.22 | 2.28 ± 0.25 | 2.22 ± 0.25 | 0.018 |
| Phosphate, mmol/L | 1.72 ± 0.65 | 1.77 ± 0.68 | 1.67 ± 0.61 | 1.73 ± 0.67 | 0.337 |
| iPTH, pg/mL | 271.17 ± 249.85 | 224.32 ± 200.92 | 245.97 ± 199.49 | 313.06 ± 297.41 | 0.001 |
| Depression score | 4.83 ± 5.08 | 5.17 ± 5.45 | 5.10 ± 5.40 | 4.44 ± 4.57 | 0.300 |
| MoCA-BJ score | 21.78 ± 3.85 | 25.74 ± 2.39 | 23.59 ± 1.40 | 18.52 ± 3.10 | < 0.001 |
| ADL total score | 20.38 ± 7.30 | 15.50 ± 1.31 | 16.54 ± 2.14 | 25.78 ± 8.07 | < 0.001 |
| Basic ADL score | 7.53 ± 1.81 | 6.56 ± 0.55 | 6.90 ± 1.04 | 8.48 ± 2.19 | < 0.001 |
| Instrument ADL score | 12.85 ± 5.75 | 8.95 ± 0.85 | 9.64 ± 1.61 | 19.29 ± 6.17 | < 0.001 |