Table 4.

Risk factors associated with cognitive impairment. *Models were adjusted for age, sex, education level, smoking history, alcohol intake, comorbidities, hemodialysis vintage, Kt/V and the serum level of Hb, ALB, CRP, and iPTH. Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HD, hemodialysis; Kt/V, an indicator for evaluating dialysis adequacy; Hb, hemoglobin; ALB, albumin; CRP, C-reactive protein; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone.

Variables	Mild cognitive impairment (n = 228)		Major cognitive impairment (n = 268)
	OR (95% CI)*	p	OR (95% CI)*	p
Age (per 1-y increase)	1.09 (1.05, 1.13)	< 0.001	1.12 (1.08, 1.16)	< 0.001
Male sex	0.92 (0.55, 1.53)	0.735	0.99 (0.59, 1.68)	0.981
Education level
< 6 years	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
6 ~ 12 years	1.28 (0.42, 3.94)	0.669	0.69 (0.23, 2.05)	0.502
> 12 years	0.38 (0.12, 1.21)	0.100	0.31 (0.10, 0.94)	0.039
Smoking history
Never	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
Former	0.87 (0.43, 1.77)	0.699	0.53 (0.25, 1.10)	0.091
Current	0.56 (0.24, 1.30)	0.178	0.48 (0.20, 1.13)	0.089
Alcohol intake
Never	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
Former	1.34 (0.42, 4.30)	0.618	0.86 (0.44, 1.67)	0.653
Current	0.91 (0.48, 1.75)	0.786	0.44 (0.12, 1.68)	0.232
Hypertension	1.40 (0.68, 2.88)	0.367	2.70 (1.22, 5.99)	0.015
Diabetes	1.60 (0.90, 2.86)	0.112	1.73 (0.96, 3.10)	0.069
Stroke	3.35 (1.28, 8.76)	0.014	4.27 (1.63, 11.19)	0.003
HD vintage (per 1-mon increase)	1.02 (1.01, 1.02)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.01, 1.02)	< 0.001
Single-pool Kt/V (per 1 increase)	0.04 (0.01, 0.19)	< 0.001	0.003 (0.000, 0.013)	< 0.001
Hb (per 1-g/L increase)	0.99 (0.98, 1.02)	0.947	0.99 (0.97, 1.02)	0.645
ALB (per 1-g/L increase)	0.99 (0.89, 1.07)	0.897	0.92 (0.83, 1.03)	0.132
CRP (per 1-mg/L increase)	1.01 (0.98, 1.05)	0.548	0.97 (0.92, 1.01)	0.117
iPTH (per 1-pg/mL increase)	1.00 (0.99, 1.02)	0.934	1.00 (0.99, 1.03)	0.194