Figure 7.

TGF-β induces IGF-1 production in AMs via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (A) Primary AMs (1 ×10⁶ cells/well) were inoculated into 6-well plates and stimulated with different concentration of TGF-β (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) for 24 h. The expression of p-Akt in AMs was detected by western blotting. **P < 0.01 vs. the 0 ng/ml group. (B,C) Primary AMs (1 ×10⁶ cells/well) were inoculated into a 6-well plate and stimulated with Wortmannin (1 mM) for 2 h, followed by TGF-β (100 ng/mL) treatment for 24 h. IGF-1 protein expression in AMs was detected by immunoblotting, and the IGF-1 content in AM-CM was detected by ELISA. **P < 0.01 vs. the control group, ^##P < 0.01 vs. the TGF-β group.