Table 1.

Effects of excessive ROS levels on different populations of immune cells.

Immune cell subset	ROS effects
Macrophages	M2 polarization (63–65) Induction of immunosuppressive phenotype (66) Release of immunosuppressive chemokines (66)
MDSC	Maintaining undifferentiated, immunosuppressive phenotype (67–69)
Dendritic cells	Impaired antigen presentation by DCs (70)
NK Cells	Impaired activation and degranulation (71) Decreased cytotoxicity (72) Induction of apoptosis (73, 74)
Cytotoxic T-Cells	Promoting mitochondrial exhaustion of CD8+T-Cells (75) Suppression of T-cell responses (76) Induction of apoptosis (77)
Regulatory T-Cells	Treg accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (78) Inducing adenosine-mediated immunosuppression (79) Better survival under oxidative stress (80)