Table 2.
Symptomatic Recovery at 10 years (unless specified, number included in analyses = 303)
| Not recovered (N = 163) N (%) or mean (s.d.) | Recovered (N = 140) N (%) or mean (s.d.) | Unadj. OR | 95% CI | p | Adj. OR (1)a | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||||||
| Study Centre | ||||||||
| London | 109 (66.9) | 94 (67.1) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Nottingham | 54 (33.1) | 46 (32.9) | 0.99 | 0.61–1.60 | 0.960 | 0.63 | 0.36–1.14 | 0.128 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 95 (58.3) | 67 (47.9) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Women | 68 (41.7) | 73 (52.1) | 1.52 | 0.97–2.39 | 0.070 | 1.53 | 0.96–2.43 | 0.077 |
| Age | ||||||||
| 16–29 | 88 (54.0) | 74 (52.9) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| 30–64 | 74 (46.0) | 66 (47.1) | 1.05 | 0.67–1.65 | 0.844 | 0.97 | 0.61–1.54 | 0.881 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White British | 53 (32.5) | 66 (47.1) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Other | 110 (67.5) | 74 (52.9) | 0.54 | 0.34–0.86 | 0.010 | 0.43 | 0.25–0.76 | 0.003 |
| Social | ||||||||
| Index of social disadvantageb | ||||||||
| 0, 1 | 21 (16.4) | 37 (31.6) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| 2 | 31 (24.2) | 30 (25.6) | 0.55 | 0.26–1.14 | 0.110 | 0.53 | 0.24–1.18 | 0.121 |
| 3 | 40 (31.3) | 30 (25.6) | 0.43 | 0.21–0.87 | 0.019 | 0.40 | 0.18–0.87 | 0.021 |
| 4 | 36 (28.1) | 20 (17.1) | 0.32 | 0.15–0.68 | 0.003 | 0.29 | 0.13–0.67 | 0.003 |
| Loss, separation from parentc | ||||||||
| None | 56 (47.1) | 58 (53.2) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Loss (parent died) | 10 (8.4) | 12 (11.0) | 1.16 | 0.46–2.90 | 0.753 | 1.07 | 0.40–2.86 | 0.889 |
| Separation from parent | 53 (44.5) | 39 (35.8) | 0.71 | 0.41–1.24 | 0.226 | 0.70 | 0.39–1.28 | 0.245 |
| Educationd | ||||||||
| University | 12 (7.6) | 20 (14.5) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Further | 50 (31.9) | 31 (22.5) | 0.37 | 0.16–0.87 | 0.022 | 0.48 | 0.20–1.19 | 0.114 |
| GCSE | 42 (26.8) | 42 (30.4) | 0.60 | 0.26–1.38 | 0.230 | 0.77 | 0.32–1.88 | 0.569 |
| No qualifications | 53 (33.8) | 45 (32.6) | 0.51 | 0.22–1.16 | 0.106 | 0.61 | 0.25–1.45 | 0.263 |
| Early symptom course | ||||||||
| Remission at 12 weekse | ||||||||
| No | 115 (77.2) | 56 (42.1) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Yes | 34 (22.8) | 77 (57.9) | 4.65 | 2.78–7.78 | <0.001 | 4.47 | 2.60–7.67 | <0.001 |
| % time on med, first 3 monthsf,g | 65.9 (38.2) | 66.8 (38.5) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.844 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | |
| Clinical | ||||||||
| Mode of onseth | ||||||||
| Acute | 55 (39.8) | 67 (51.9) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Insidious | 83 (60.1) | 62 (48.1) | 0.61 | 0.38–1.00 | 0.048 | 0.63 | 0.38–1.05 | 0.074 |
| DUPh | ||||||||
| Short | 70 (44.3) | 82 (59.4) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Long | 88 (55.7) | 56 (40.6) | 0.54 | 0.34–0.86 | 0.010 | 0.54 | 0.33–0.87 | 0.012 |
| Diagnosis | ||||||||
| Non-affective | 132 (81.0) | 87 (62.1) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Mania | 13 (8.0) | 28 (20.0) | 3.27 | 1.60–6.66 | 0.001 | 3.22 | 1.54–6.73 | 0.002 |
| Depression | 18 (11.0) | 25 (17.9) | 2.11 | 1.09–4.09 | 0.028 | 1.98 | 1.00–3.95 | 0.052 |
| Dimensionsi | ||||||||
| Reality distortion | 4.0 (2.9) | 3.3 (2.6) | 0.91 | 0.83–0.99 | 0.031 | 0.91 | 0.83–1.00 | 0.052 |
| Negative | 1.3 (1.9) | 1.2 (1.9) | 0.97 | 0.86–1.10 | 0.645 | 0.97 | 0.85–1.10 | 0.646 |
| Disorganised | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.9) | 1.20 | 0.91–1.58 | 0.207 | 1.24 | 0.92–1.65 | 0.152 |
| Mania | 1.2 (2.2) | 2.0 (3.1) | 1.12 | 1.02–1.23 | 0.014 | 1.14 | 1.03–1.25 | 0.010 |
| Depression | 1.2 (1.8) | 1.4 (1.9) | 1.07 | 0.94–1.22 | 0.286 | 1.02 | 0.89–1.17 | 0.802 |
| Symptom severityi | 8.3 (4.8) | 8.7 (5.0) | 1.02 | 0.97–1.07 | 0.546 | 1.01 | 0.96–1.07 | 0.607 |
a
Adjusted for, as appropriate, centre, sex, age (as continuous variable), and ethnicity
b
Missing, 58.
c
Missing, 75.
d
Missing, 8.
e
Missing, 21.
f
Missing, 75.
g
Note, no variable for percentage of time on medication during first year following contact was associated with recovery.
h
Missing, 36.
i
Missing, 7.