Table 2.
A summary of study results regarding cVEMP and oVEMP testing in a group of SCD patients vs. patients with SCD-like symptoms without a dehiscence (dehiscent vs. not dehiscent on CT).
| Study | N | Cutoff | Sens (%) | Spec (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cVEMP | 500 Hz threshold (34) | Retrospective | 25 | <98 dB peSPL | 42 | 100 | 100 | 70 |
| TWI (34) | Retrospective | 25 | <103 dB | 70 | 100 | 100 | 80 | |
| 2 kHz VEMPn (34) | Retrospective | 25 | >0.67 | 76 | 100 | 100 | 85 | |
| oVEMP | ||||||||
| 500 Hz amplitude (33) | Retrospective | 47 | Increased∧ | 62 | 73 | 47 | 83 | |
| 4 kHz presence (33) | Retrospective | 47 | n10 presence | 83 | 83 | 83 | 93 |
Increased 500 Hz oVEMP amplitude is not further defined. For the calculation of sensitivities and specificities, temporal bone CT imaging was used as the gold standard in all studies.
cVEMP settings: tonebursts were generated using a Blackman gating function with a two cycle rise/fall time (4 ms at 500 Hz, 1 ms at 2 kHz) and no plateau. The 2 kHz VEMP was obtained with a 123 dB peSPL toneburst (34).
oVEMP settings: 500 Hz cVEMP thresholds and 4 kHz cVEMPs were obtained using tone bursts with a rise/fall time of 4 ms and no plateau. The 4 kHz cVEMP was obtained at 126 dB SPL (33).
cVEMP, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential; oVEMP, ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential; N, number of included SCD patients; Sens, sensitivity; Spec, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; TWI, third window indicator, calculated by subtracting the 250 Hz air-bone gap from the 500 Hz cVEMP threshold; dB, decibel; peSPL, peak sound pressure level.