TABLE 2.
Association Between Demographic Characteristics, Psychological Impact, and Mental Health Status During the COVID-19 Outbreak
| Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) | Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IES-R Total | Depression | Anxiety | Stress | |||||||||
| β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Female | 7.273 | 1.1881 to 9.960 | 0.0001** | 1.375 | 0.3208 to 2.004 | 0.015* | 1.361 | -0.3266 to 1.962 | 0.0001** | 1.682 | 0.3542 to 2.376 | 0.0001** |
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 18 to 28 | 12.299 | -.035 to 24.6233 | 0.061 | .381 | -.034 to .797 | 0.072 | 3.607 | .404 to 6.810 | 0.027* | 5.236 | 1.552 to 8.920 | 0.005* |
| 29 to 39 | 11.616 | -.500 to 23.732 | 0.70 | .259 | -.148 to .667 | 0.213 | 2.929 | -.217 to 6.076 | 0.068 | 4.481 | .862 to 8.100 | 0.015* |
| 40 to 50 | 14.418 | 2.018 to 26.818 | 0.019* | .266 | -.152 to .684 | 0.212 | 3.623 | -.100 to 6.345 | 0.058 | 3.898 | .191 to 7.604 | 0.039* |
| 51 to 61 | 7.611 | -5.301 to 20.522 | 0.248 | .039 | -.395 to .474 | 0.859 | 1.432 | -1.921 to 4.784 | 0.403 | 1.826 | -2.030 to 5.683 | 0.353 |
| >62 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Level education | ||||||||||||
| Primary | -6.373 | -28.201 to 5.454 | 0.567 | -.324 | -1.059 to .410 | 0.387 | -1.271 | -6.939 to 4.397 | 0.660 | -4.605 | -1.124 to 1.915 | 0.166 |
| Secondary | 8.465 | -4.647 to 21.577 | 0.206 | .141 | -.301 to .582 | 0.532 | 3.061 | -.344 to 6.466 | 0.078 | .453 | -3.464 to 4.369 | 0.821 |
| High school | 8.764 | -3.304 to 20.832 | 0.155 | .092 | -.315 to .498 | 0.659 | 3.137 | .003 to 6.271 | 0.060 | 1.449 | -2.155 to 5.054 | 0.431 |
| College | 2.892 | -9.023 to 14.808 | 0.634 | -.120 | -.521 to .281 | 0.557 | 1.525 | -1.570 to 4.619 | 0.334 | -.301 | -3.859 to 3.258 | 0.869 |
| Specialty | 1.343 | -12.199 to 14.885 | 0.846 | -.033 | -.489 to .423 | 0.888 | 2.061 | -1.456 to 5.577 | 0.251 | -.428 | -4.472 to 3.617 | 0.836 |
| Master | -2.827 | -15.542 to 9.887 | 0.663 | -.117 | -.545 to .311 | 0.592 | .340 | -2.962 to 3.641 | 0.840 | -1.255 | -5.052 to 2.53 | 0.517 |
| Doctorate | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Single | 1.350 | -10.949 to 13.648 | 0.830 | .323 | -0.091 to .737 | 0.127 | -.003 | -3.197 to 3.191 | 0.999 | .328 | -3.345 to 4.002 | 0.861 |
| Common-law marriage | -2.014 | -15.071 to 11.043 | 0.762 | .158 | -.281 to .598 | 0.480 | -.313 | -3.704 to 3.078 | 0.856 | -.365 | -4.265 to 3.535 | 0.854 |
| Married | -1.295 | -13.791 to 11.202 | 0.839 | .232 | -.189 to .652 | 0.281 | -.634 | -3.879 to 2.611 | 0.702 | -.889 | -4.621 to 2.844 | 0.641 |
| Divorced | 2.203 | -11.544 to 15.950 | 0.753 | .630 | .168 to 1.093 | 0.008** | .715 | -2.855 to 4.284 | 0.695 | 1.357 | -2.749 to 5.463 | 0.517 |
| Widowed | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Parental status | ||||||||||||
| With children | 2.371 | -1.219 to 5.962 | 0.196 | .018 | -.103 to .139 | 0.768 | -.221 | -1.152 to 7.11 | 0.642 | -.089 | -1.161 to .983 | 0.871 |
| Not children | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | . | |||||||
| Household size | ||||||||||||
| 1 | .079 | -.150 to .307 | 0.500 | .122 | -.026 to .269 | 0.107 | .797 | -.343 to 1.936 | 0.171 | .884 | -.427 to 2.195 | 0.186 |
| 2 | 3.722 | .499 to 6.944 | 0.015* | .076 | -.034 to .185 | 0.174 | .852 | .008 to 1.696 | 0.048* | .854 | -.117 to 1.824 | 0.085 |
| 3 | .076 | -.070 to .222 | 0.309 | .016 | -.079 to .110 | 0.744 | .007 | -.721 to .735 | 0.984 | .334 | -.503 to 1.172 | 0.434 |
| >3 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
Abbreviations: β, beta coefficient; CI, confidence interval.
*P<0.05
** P<0.001