Table 4.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered Koumine (KM) (0.28, 1.4, or 7.0 mg·kg−1) in 2-month-old adult rats or 9-month-old aged rats (n = 6).
| Parametersa | Administered dose | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.28 mg·kg−1 | 1.4 mg·kg−1 | 7.0 mg·kg−1 | ||||
| Adult rat | Aged rat | Adult rat | Aged rat | Adult ratb | Aged rat | |
| Cmax (ng·ml−1) | 2.60 ± 1.67 | 3.00 ± 1.82 | 5.49 ± 0.94 | 7.88 ± 5.29 | 29.98 ± 13.39## | 72.60 ± 20.63*,†† |
| Tmax (h) | 0.46 ± 0.37 | 0.09 ± 0.06 | 0.23 ± 0.12 | 0.33 ± 0.00 | 0.23 ± 0.12 | 0.39 ± 0.25† |
| AUC(0-t) (ng·h·ml−1) | 2.81 ± 1.14 | 2.82 ± 0.97 | 7.97 ± 1.45 | 11.88 ± 5.22 | 49.33 ± 25.85## | 130.14 ± 38.09*,†† |
| AUC(0-∞) (ng·h·ml−1) | 2.89 ± 1.10 | 2.98 ± 0.92 | 8.22 ± 1.65 | 12.65 ± 5.14 | 49.78 ± 25.78## | 130.90 ± 37.95*,†† |
| λz (h-1) | 0.91 ± 0.18 | 0.73 ± 0.27 | 0.66 ± 0.11# | 0.41 ± 0.09*,† | 0.55 ± 0.07## | 0.34 ± 0.05**,† |
| t1/2 (h) | 0.78 ± 0.17 | 1.06 ± 0.40 | 1.07 ± 0.18 | 1.75 ± 0.39*,† | 1.26 ± 0.17## | 2.08 ± 0.29**,†† |
| Vd (L·kg−1) | 115.33 ± 25.83 | 161.86 ± 96.87 | 266.03 ± 39.88 | 327.63 ± 173.29 | 313.19 ± 157.76# | 180.18 ± 90.86 |
| CL (L·h−1·kg−1) | 106.64 ± 34.74 | 100.12 ± 26.72 | 174.83 ± 29.50 | 122.99 ± 41.59 | 166.17 ± 68.33 | 58.63 ± 23.76* |
aCmax, maximum plasma concentration; Tmax, time to reach Cmax; AUC, area under the plasma, concentration-time curve; λz, terminal phase elimination rate; t1/2, biological half-life in the elimination phase; Vd, apparent volume of distribution; CL, clearance rate.
b*, P < 0.05 and **, P < 0.01 compared to adult rats; #, P < 0.05 and ##, P < 0.01 compared to recipients of 0.28 mg·kg−1 KM among adult rat groups; †, P < 0.05 and ††, P < 0.01 compared to recipients of 0.28 mg·kg−1 KM among aged rat groups.