Figure 6.

EHF activates the activity of canonical TGF‐β signaling. A, Western blotting was performed to detect SMAD3, p‐SMAD3, SMAD2, p‐SMAD2, nuclear SMAD4, and cytoplasmic SMAD4 in EHF‐depleted and control CRC cells. B‐E, EHF overexpression and TGF‐β1 (10 ng/mL, 48 h) significantly promoted CRC cell proliferation (B), colony formation (C), migration (D) and invasion (E). The potential effects of EHF on CRC cells were completely abolished similar to the control cells by TGF‐β inhibitor (SE525334, 1 μm, 48 h, B‐E). F, TGF‐β1 induced EHF expression (upper) and TGF‐β inhibitor repressed EHF expression (lower). G, Schematic diagram showing the mechanism of action of EHF in CRC