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. 2020 Jul 21;11:1199. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01199

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Copyright © 2020 Arora, Alam, Naqvi, Ahmad, Sheikh, Rahman, Hasnain and Ehtesham.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Model depicting the immunomodulatory role of Rv1507A. (A) Recombinant M. smegmatis expressing Rv1507A is phagocytosed by macrophage which increases generation of ROS and NO that leads to induction of apoptosis. Macrophage exposed to Rv1507A secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6. It also leads to increase in the expression of MHCI, MHCII, CD40, CD80, and CD86 that indicates efficient antigen presentation and co-stimulation. (B) Immunization with Rv1507A protein or Ms_Rv1507A in mice leads to increased humoral and cell mediated immunity. A robust effector memory (T_EM) and central memory (T_CM) response is also evoked along with enhanced poly-functional CD4⁺ as well as CD8⁺ cells.