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. 2020 Jul 27;11:3743. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17547-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Organic electrochemical transistor complementary amplifier architecture. The input voltage (V_I) is connected to the gates of the transistors, and the output voltage (V_O) is collected at their drains. The supply voltage (V_DD) is connected to the source of the p-type OECT, and the source of the n-type is grounded (GND, V_GND = 0 V). b Typical transfer characteristic of an OECT complementary amplifier. The gray dot identifies V_M (viz. the required V_I to have V_O = V_DD /2) and the various regions of operation are highlighted with numbers.