TABLE 2.
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) of Total CVD Events, CVD Morbidity, and All-Cause Mortality by Resistance Exercise
| Total CVD Events | CVD Morbidity | All-Cause Mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Events / No. of Participants | HR (95% CI) |
No. of Events / No. of Participants | HR (95% CI) |
No. of Events / No. of Participants | HR (95% CI) |
||||
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||||
| Weekly Frequency of Resistance Exercise (times/week) | |||||||||
| 0 | 127/5,955 | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
74/5,955 | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
184/5,925 | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
| 1 | 20/2,216 | 0.26 (0.16–0.42) |
0.28 (0.17–0.46) |
13/2,216 | 0.32 (0.18–0.58) |
0.35 (0.19–0.63) |
30/2,236 | 0.62 (0.42–0.91) |
0.65 (0.44–0.97) |
| 2 | 27/2,385 | 0.41 (0.27–0.63) |
0.46 (0.29–0.70) |
19/2,385 | 0.52 (0.31–0.86) |
0.58 (0.34–0.98) |
30/2,398 | 0.65 (0.44–0.95) |
0.68 (0.46–1.01) |
| 3 | 17/1,407 | 0.52 (0.31–0.86) |
0.57 (0.33–0.96) |
12/1,407 | 0.64 (0.34–1.17) |
0.72 (0.38–1.36) |
17/1,407 | 0.62 (0.38–1.02) |
0.67 (0.40–1.11) |
| ≥4 | 14/628 | 1.17 (0.67–2.04) |
1.33 (0.75–2.36) |
9/628 | 1.27 (0.63–2.53) |
1.52 (0.74–3.11) |
15/625 | 1.09 (0.64–1.84) |
1.29 (0.75–2.20) |
| p-value for Linear Trend: | |||||||||
| 0.15 | 0.73 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 0.46 | 0.96 | ||||
| p-value for Quadratic Trend: | |||||||||
| <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Weekly Minutes of Resistance Exercise (minutes/week) | |||||||||
| 0 | 127/5,955 | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
74/5,955 | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
184/5,925 | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
| 1–59 | 44/3,764 | 0.33 (0.23–0.47) |
0.35 (0.24–0.51) |
31/3,764 | 0.44 (0.29–0.68) |
0.57 (0.30–0.74) |
57/3,786 | 0.61 (0.45–0.82) |
0.64 (0.47–0.88) |
| 60–119 | 21/1,910 | 0.57 (0.36–0.91) |
0.63 (0.39–1.03) |
14/1,910 | 0.61 (0.34–1.09) |
0.69 (0.38–1.25) |
21/1,916 | 0.78 (0.49–1.23) |
0.84 (0.53–1.34) |
| ≥120 | 13/962 | 0.81 (0.46–1.44) |
0.93 (0.51–1.68) |
8/962 | 0.81 (0.39–1.69) |
0.96 (0.45–2.05) |
14/964 | 0.92 (0.53–1.58) |
1.03 (0.59–1.80) |
| p-value for Linear Trend: | |||||||||
| 0.62 | 0.56 | 0.83 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.65 | ||||
| p-value for Quadratic Trend: | |||||||||
| 0.002 | 0.02 | 0.049 | 0.21 | 0.48 | 0.75 | ||||
a
Model 1 was adjusted for baseline examination year, age (years) and sex.
b
Model 2 was adjusted for Model 1 plus baseline smoking status (current smoker or not), alcohol consumption (heavy drinker or not),parental history of cardiovascular disease (yes or no), body mass index (kg/m2), aerobic exercise (average physical activity ≥500 MET- minutes/week or not), hypertension (yes or no), diabetes (yes or no), and hypercholesterolemia (yes or no).
CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; HR, hazard ratio.