TABLE 3.
Regression Coefficients (95% CI) and Hazard Ratios (95% CI) of Total CVD Events, CVD Morbidity, and All-Cause Mortality by Resistance Exercise with BMI in Joint Model
| Total CVD Events | CVD Morbidity | All-Cause Mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | p-value | Coefficient (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | p-value | Coefficient (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Linear Mixed Effect Model (BMI as Outcome)a | |||||||||
| Weekly Frequency of Resistance exercise | −0.04 (−0.05 – −0.03) |
<0.001 | −0.04 (−0.05 – −0.03) |
<0.001 | −0.04 (−0.05 – −0.03) |
<0.001 | |||
| Cox Model (Total CVD Events, CVD Morbidity, and All-Cause Mortality as Outcome)b | |||||||||
| Weekly Frequency of Resistance Exercise | |||||||||
| Linear Term | 0.49 (0.37–0.67) |
<0.001 | 0.64 (0.48–0.89) |
0.01 | 0.66 (0.52–0.86) |
<0.001 | |||
| Quadratic Term | 1.20 (1.13–1.26) |
<0.001 | 1.15 (1.07–1.22) |
<0.001 | 1.12 (1.05–1.18) |
<0.001 | |||
| BMI | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) |
0.002 | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) |
0.09 | 1.03 (0.996–1.07) |
0.08 | |||
| Linear Mixed Effect Model (BMI as Outcome)a | |||||||||
| Weekly Hours of Resistance exercise | −0.05 (−0.06 – −0.03) |
<0.001 | −0.04 (−0.06 – −0.03) |
<0.001 | −0.05 (−0.06 – −0.03) |
<0.001 | |||
| Cox Model (Total CVD Events, CVD Morbidity, and All-Cause Mortality as Outcome)b | |||||||||
| Weekly Hours of Resistance Exercise | |||||||||
| Linear Term | 0.92 (0.73–1.18) |
0.54 | 1.04 (0.68–1.51) |
0.78 | 1.03 (0.76–1.40) |
0.88 | |||
| Quadratic Term | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) |
0.14 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) |
0.60 | 0.97 (0.90–1.03) |
0.52 | |||
| BMI | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) |
0.002 | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) |
0.09 | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) |
0.005 | |||
The first part of this table shows the result of joint model for weekly frequency of resistance exercise, and the second part shows result for weekly hours of resistance exercise.
The linear mixed effect model part was adjusted for follow-up years, examination year, baseline age (years), sex, current smoking (yes or no), heavy alcohol drinking (yes or no), and meeting the aerobic exercise guidelines (yes or no).
The Cox model part was adjusted for baseline examine year, age (years), sex, current smoking (yes or no), heavy alcohol drinking (yes or no), parental history of cardiovascular disease (yes or no), meeting the aerobic exercise guidelines (yes or no), hypertension (yes or no), diabetes (yes or no), and hypercholesterolemia (yes or no).
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; HR, hazard ratio.