Table 3.

Themes within the context of the biopsychosocial model related to reasons for participation, experience, and retention in the WHAT-IF? study

Biopsychosocial Factors	Reasons for study participation	Clinical trial experience (positive or negative) and retention in study
Biological	• To reduce drinking to nonhazardous levels • To quit drinking	• Study medication
Psychological	• To gain knowledge about the negative effects of hazardous drinking on HIV disease progression • The opportunity for self-reflection or self-growth	• Thoughts and feelings toward study procedures (e.g. study medication, lab work, computer-based assessments) • Length of study
Social	• To feel pressured by members of social network • To earn supplemental income	• Interactions with research study staff