Table 2.
Environmental factors linked to COVID-19 cases, and associated deaths.
| Climate parameters | Country | Conclusions | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature | Worldwide | COVID-19 fast-spreading has an association with average high and low temperatures | Iqbal et al., 2020a |
| 166 countries | Temperature was negatively correlated with daily new cases and deaths by COVID-19 | Wu et al., 2020b | |
| China | At low temperatures, a raise of 1 °C increased the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases by a rate of 0.83, while at higher temperatures each 1 °C increase reduced the number of confirmed cases by a rate of 0.86 | Wang et al., 2020a | |
| China | Low temperature and mild daytime temperature range promote SARS-CoV-2 transmission | Liu et al., 2020b | |
| China | An increase of 1 °C decreases between 36% and 57% COVID-19 infested cases | Qi et al., 2020 | |
| China | An increase of 1 °C increased COVID −19 deaths by 2.92% | Ma et al., 2020 | |
| China | Temperature played no role on COVID-19 at Wuhan (China) | Iqbal et al., 2020b | |
| China | Positive relationship (Hubei, Hunan and Anhui provinces) and negative relationship (Zhejiang and Shandong provinces) between temperature and COVID-19 | Shahzad et al., 2020 | |
| China | The incidence of COVID-19 decreased with an increase of temperature | Shi et al., 2020 | |
| China | Ambient temperature has a significantly negative effect on COVID-19 transmission | Zhang et al., 2020 | |
| China and Italy | Moderate relationship with COVID-19 confirmed cases | Bhattacharjee, 2020 | |
| USA | Average and minimum temperatures have significant correlation with COVID-19 at New York City. | Bashir et al., 2020 | |
| Indonesia | Temperature average was significantly correlated with COVID-19 | Tosepu et al., 2020 | |
| Spain | No correlation between COVID-19 cases and temperature was found | Briz-Redón and Serrano-Aroca, 2020 | |
| Iraq | Low temperatures might enhance COVID-19 infection risk | Amin and Amin, 2020 | |
| Singapore | Temperature showed positive significant associations with SARS-CoV-2 transmission | Pani et al., 2020 | |
| Chile | Lower temperature can favor COVID-19 transmission speed | Correa-Araneda et al., 2020 | |
| Mexico | Temperature associates negatively with the local confirmed COVID-19 cases | Méndez-Arriaga, 2020 | |
| Brazil | 1 °C rise was associated with a 4.9% decrease in the number of daily cumulative COVID-19 confirmed cases | Prata et al., 2020 | |
| Turkey | Temperature have high impacts on COVID-19 cases | Şahin, 2020 | |
| Italy | Warm season promotes COVID-19 spreading | Zoran et al., 2020 | |
| Norway | Maximum and normal temperature are positively associated with COVID-19 | Menebo, 2020 | |
| Ghana | Maximum temperature significantly predict COVID-19 new cases | Iddrisu et al., 2020 | |
| Humidity | 166 countries | Relative humidity was negatively related to daily new cases and deaths by COVID-19 | Wu et al., 2020b |
| China and Italy | No relationship between humidity and COVID-19 confirmed cases | Bhattacharjee, 2020 | |
| China | 1% increase in relative humidity decreased 11–22% COVID-19 infected cases | Qi et al., 2020 | |
| China | Relative humidity is negatively associated with COVID-19 daily deaths | Ma et al., 2020 | |
| China | Low humidity promotes the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 | Liu et al., 2020b | |
| Iraq | Increased relative humidity might enhance virus infection risk | Amin and Amin, 2020 | |
| Singapore | Humidity showed positive significant associations with SARS-CoV-2 transmission | Pani et al., 2020 | |
| Japan | The absolute humidity affected SARS-CoV-2 spread duration | Hirata et al., 2020 | |
| Chile | Lower humidity can favor coronavirus transmission speed | Correa-Araneda et al., 2020 | |
| Germany | Lower humidity increased Covid-19 mortality | Biktasheva, 2020 | |
| Italy | Dry air supports COVID-19 transmission | Zoran et al., 2020 | |
| Norway | Precipitation are negatively associated with COVID-19 | Menebo, 2020 | |
| Ghana | Relative humidity was significantly associated with daily new cases and new deaths of COVID-19 | Iddrisu et al., 2020 | |
| Iran | Low humidity associated with high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate | Ahmadi et al., 2020 | |
| Wind | China and Italy | No relationship between wind and COVID-19 confirmed cases | Bhattacharjee, 2020 |
| Chile | Higher wind speed can favor a higher disease transmission speed | Correa-Araneda et al., 2020 | |
| Turkey | Wind speed have high impacts on COVID-19 cases | Şahin, 2020 | |
| Iran | Low wind speed associated with high rate of infection of SARS-CoV-2 | Ahmadi et al., 2020 |