Induction of phagocyte migration by HCV peptide (C5A). Different concentrations of HCV peptide (C5A), scrambled control of HCV peptide (C5Ascr), and R1, R2, and R3 peptides were placed in the lower wells of the chemotaxis chamber; cell suspension was placed in the upper wells. The upper and lower wells were separated by polycarbonate filters. After incubation, the cells that migrated across the filters were stained and counted or collected and counted by FACSCalibur. A, Migration of human monocytes across the filters in response to 10 μM HCV peptide (C5A) or 100 nM fMLF (open arrow, pore; solid arrow, migrated monocyte; original magnification × 200). B, Percentage of leukocyte migration in response to HCV peptide (C5A) over total loading cells. C and D, The migration of monocytes (C) and neutrophils (D) in response to scrambled HCV peptide (C5Ascr), R1, R2, and R3. E, Inhibition of monocyte migration in response to HCV peptide (C5A) (10−5 M) or fMLF (10−7 M) by pretreatment of the cells with PT (100 ng/ml) or cholera toxin (CT, 100 ng/ml) for 30 min at 37°C.