Table 1.
Left: Average anomalies ± standard deviation (%) of the observed 1-h daily maximum NO2 and MDA8 O3 concentrations during 15 March – 30 April 2020 with respect to those of the same period in 2015–2019, summarised by country and site type. Right: Average meteorologically-adjusted changes ± standard deviation (%) of the same pollutants during 15 March – 30 April 2020, calculated as the difference between the observed concentrations and the concentrations estimated by the GAMs described in Section 2.2, summarised by country and site type.
| Observed changes (%) |
Meteorology-adjusted changes (%) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO2 |
O3 |
NO2 |
O3 |
|||||
| Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | |
| Austria | −25.1 ± 8.3 | −23.0 ± 9.4 | 11.7 ± 6.0 | 5.6 ± 5.5 | −34.4 ± 5.9 | −27.6 ± 9.2 | 0.5 ± 5.6 | −3.3 ± 4.3 |
| Belgium | −30.2 ± 7.1 | −26.8 ± 12.2 | 22.2 ± 8.5 | 14.0 ± 3.5 | −36.3 ± 7.2 | −35.7 ± 10.3 | 8.7 ± 6.7 | 3.2 ± 3.4 |
| Czech Republic | −3.7 ± 8.3 | −15.2 ± 21.8 | 10.8 ± 6.4 | 9.8 ± 2.7 | −18.8 ± 6.0 | −22.8 ± 17.9 | −2.0 ± 5.3 | −2.5 ± 2.7 |
| Germany | −16.0 ± 9.2 | −21.4 ± 16.0 | 14.5 ± 5.4 | 9.4 ± 5.1 | −25.9 ± 7.6 | −26.0 ± 13.0 | 2.5 ± 4.1 | −0.3 ± 3.6 |
| Spain | −51.6 ± 11.2 | −38.4 ± 27.9 | −7.1 ± 10.7 | −11.6 ± 6.9 | −50.0 ± 11.9 | −39.4 ± 26.6 | −1.7 ± 11.6 | −7.8 ± 7.3 |
| France | −43.1 ± 11.4 | −36.7 ± 19.6 | 6.6 ± 9.6 | 3.1 ± 7.7 | −46.9 ± 9.8 | −42.3 ± 17.0 | 1.7 ± 6.8 | −2.1 ± 5.0 |
| United Kingdom | −31.2 ± 12.9 | −21.5 ± 12.7 | 12.3 ± 13.9 | 3.1 ± 6.7 | −35.0 ± 11.9 | −31.7 ± 11.0 | 4.7 ± 11.4 | −1.2 ± 5.5 |
| Italy | −44.2 ± 13.9 | −25.7 ± 25.8 | 5.0 ± 13.1 | 1.2 ± 16.0 | −48.4 ± 13.7 | −32.2 ± 26.3 | 1.9 ± 12.2 | −2.2 ± 14.7 |
| Netherlands | −26.4 ± 5.4 | −19.1 ± 10.8 | 14.1 ± 5.8 | 12.2 ± 4.3 | −27.0 ± 4.5 | −22.3 ± 11.1 | 3.8 ± 4.6 | 3.4 ± 5.0 |
| Poland | −5.3 ± 16.9 | −12.1 ± 15.1 | 10.5 ± 9.5 | 3.8 ± 11.1 | −23.7 ± 12.9 | −18.7 ± 18.2 | −3.5 ± 8.8 | −7.2 ± 9.3 |