TABLE 6.
Correlation table for the control and spelling variables of interest.
| Age | NVP | PA | Text prod. | 12 words acc. | Text acc. | Text MOR | 12 words MOR | 12 words ORTH | Text SEM | 12 words SEM | |
| French | |||||||||||
| Age | 0.43 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.46* | 0.37 | –0.15 | −0.61*** | –0.33 | –0.22 | –0.12 | |
| NVP | 0.63*** | 0.44* | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.42 | –0.35 | −0.48* | –0.20 | –0.26 | –0.19 | |
| PA | 0.13 | 0.59*** | 0.46* | 0.67*** | 0.54** | –0.09 | –0.43 | –0.41 | −0.53** | –0.01 | |
| Text prod. | 0.40 | 0.59*** | 0.46* | 0.58*** | 0.68*** | –0.11 | −0.44* | –0.23 | −0.53** | –0.21 | |
| 12 words acc. | 0.42 | 0.70*** | 0.54** | 0.63*** | 0.73*** | –0.20 | −0.76*** | −0.67*** | −0.64*** | –0.27 | |
| Text acc. | 0.54** | 0.65*** | 0.59*** | 0.59*** | 0.78*** | –0.40 | −0.63*** | −0.47* | −0.79*** | –0.08 | |
| Text MOR | –0.22 | –0.18 | –0.37 | –0.08 | –0.32 | −0.47* | 0.39 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.17 | |
| 12 words MOR | –0.34 | −0.63*** | −0.52** | −0.66*** | −0.79*** | −0.66*** | 0.21 | 0.54** | 0.59*** | 0.22 | |
| 12 words ORTH | −0.58*** | −0.72*** | −0.48* | −0.63*** | −0.85*** | −0.75*** | 0.39 | 0.72*** | 0.43 | 0.23 | |
| Text SEM | 0.09 | –0.24 | –0.26 | 0.04 | –0.29 | –0.27 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.03 | |
| 12 words SEM | –0.10 | –0.29 | −0.52** | –0.31 | −0.51** | –0.36 | –0.01 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.05 | |
| English | |||||||||||
Significance levels of Spearman correlations are indicated as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, p-values were corrected for multiple tests using Holm–Bonferroni procedure [rcorr.adjust() function in the RcmdrMisc package (Fox, 2018)]; NVP, Non-Verbal Performance, as measures by the Raven’s matrices; PA, Phonological Awareness; Text prod., raw number of words attempted in the texts; 12 words acc., Proportion of words correctly spelled in the 12 words analyzed from the WIAT spelling test; Text acc., Proportion of words correctly spelled in the texts produced using the writing Curriculum-Based Measure; Text MOR, proportion of morphological errors per word within the CBM texts; 12 words MOR, proportion of morphological errors per word within the WIAT 12 words; 12 words ORTH, Proportion of orthographic errors per word within the WIAT 12 words; Text SEM, proportion of semantic errors per words within the CBM texts; 12 words SEM, proportion of semantic errors per words within the WIAT 12 words.