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. 2020 Jun 23;1(3):100033. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100033

Figure 1.

Figure 1

AMMO1 Inhibits EBV Infection in Humanized Mice

(A) Experimental timeline. Humanized mice received a dose of 0.5 mg of AMMO1 or VRC01 via intravenous (i.v.) injection 48 h prior to i.v. challenge of EBV B95.8/F equivalent to 33,000 Raji infectious units. Infected control mice received the virus but no antibody, and uninfected control mice received neither.

(B–E) The frequency of (B) hCD45+, (C) hCD45+hCD4+, (D) hCD45+hCD19+, and (E) hCD45+hCD8+ cells in peripheral blood at the indicated time points post-challenge. Data points represent the mean of 7 AMMO1, 4 VRC01, 4 infected control mice, and 4 uninfected control mice. A representative flow plot illustrating the gating strategy is shown in Figure S1.

(F and G) Viral DNA was quantitated in the peripheral blood of infected control mice (n = 8), uninfected control mice (n = 8), and (G) mice that received AMMO1 (n = 13) or VRC01 (n = 7) prior to challenge. Each dot represents an individual mouse, and the dashed line indicates the limit of detection.

(H–M) 8–9 weeks after viral challenge, the animals were euthanized, and the frequency of (H) hCD45+, (I) hCD45+hCD4+, (J) hCD45+hCD19+, (K) hCD45+hCD19+hCD24−hCD38hi, (L) hCD45+hCD8+, and (M) hCD45+hCD8+hCD69+hCD137+ cells was measured in splenocytes. Data points represent individual mice, bar graphs indicate the mean, and error bars represent the standard deviation. Representative flow plots illustrating the gating strategy used to analyze splenocytes are shown in Figures S2 and S3.

(N) Spleen weight of study animals at necropsy. Each dot represents an individual mouse, and the bar represents the mean.

(O) qPCR was used to quantitate viral DNA in splenic extracts at necropsy. Each dot represents an individual mouse, the bar represents the mean, and the dashed line indicates the limit of detection.

Data shown in (B)–(E) and (H)–(M) are from one of two independent experiments. Combined data from 2 independent experiments are shown in (F), (G), (N), and (O). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA. The color of the asterisks (∗p ≤ 0.032, ∗∗p ≤ 0.002, ∗∗p ≤ 0.0003, ∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0002) denotes groups that were significantly different from the control in (B)–(E) or the groups with which there is a significant difference in (H)–(M) using a Sidak multiple comparisons test.