| Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (Royal Australian College of General Practice, 2012) |
Grade A III evidence All adults should be advised to participate in 30 min of moderate activity on most (preferably all) days of the week |
Interventions that have shown short-term benefits of changing physical activity include:
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a)
patient screening to identify current levels of activity (including use of a pedometer) and readiness to be more active;
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b)
provision of brief advice or counseling regarding exercise;
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c)
supporting written materials and/or written prescription for exercise;
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d)
d) pedometer step target of 10,000 steps per day or 2000 more than at baseline
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| U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (Moyer and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2012) |
Grade C evidence
There is sparse evidence indicating that the health benefits of initiating behavioral counseling in the primary care setting promote physical activity. Clinicians may choose to selectively counsel patients instead of incorporating counseling into the care of all adults in the general population |
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•
Studies of medium-intensity and high-intensity behavioral counseling interventions have shown beneficial effects on behavioral and intermediate health outcomes
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•
Medium-intensity interventions involved a range of 3–24 phone sessions or 1–8 in-person sessions. High-intensity interventions involved a range of 4–20 in-person group sessions and were the only interventions to report sustained benefits beyond 12 months
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•
No high-intensity interventions and few medium-intensity interventions have involved primary care clinicians as the providers of the intervention
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| NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2013) |
Grade B evidence
Adults who have been assessed as being inactive should be advised to perform more physical activity |
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•
Tailor advice to: a) motivations and goals; b) current level of activity and ability; c) circumstances, preferences, and barriers to being physically active; and d) health status
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•
Provide information about local opportunities to be physically active for people with a range of abilities, preferences, and needs
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•
Consider giving a written outline of the advice and goals that have been discussed
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•
Follow-up when there is another appointment or opportunity
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| U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2014) [28] |
Grade B evidence
Recommends that adults in primary care who are overweight or obeseand have known cardiovascular risk factors (including obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and tobacco use) offer or refer to intensive behavioral counseling interventions topromote a healthful diet and physical activity |
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•
Intensive behavioral counseling interventions are effective for creating small but important changes in health behavior outcomes (dietary intake and physical activity) and selected intermediate clinical outcomes (lipid levels, blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, diabetes incidence, and weight) after 12–24 mo
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•
Many types of intensive counseling interventions are effective. Such interventions focus on behavior change, include didactic education plus other components, such as audits and feedback, problem-solving skills, and individualized care plans, and are typically delivered by specially trained health professionals
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