Table 1. Mean characteristics of patients who started RRT for end-stage renal disease and mean values of the contextual indicators in townships for the whole area and by quintiles of RRT incidence rate.
| RRT incidence ratea quintiles, pmi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole area | < 126 | 126–157 | 158–186 | 187–224 | > 224 | P valueb | |
| Number of townships | 282 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 56 | 57 | |
| Patients n (%) | 6835 (100) | 540 (7.9) | 886 (13.0) | 1279 (18.7) | 2024 (29.6) | 2106 (30.8) | |
| Mean patient characteristics | |||||||
| Age at RRT start (years) | 68.5±4.3 | 67.7±6.0 | 67.9±3.8 | 68.1±4.4 | 69.1±3.5 | 69.5±3.3 | 0.008 |
| Male sex (%) | 63.2±14.5 | 64.0±21.3 | 65.7±14.6 | 65.1±13.9 | 60.1±10.6 | 61.1±8.8 | 0.06 |
| Treatment at RRT start (%) | |||||||
| • Hemodialysis | 79.6±14.0 | 76.2±19.5 | 76.6±12.9 | 81.3±12.3 | 79.9±11.4 | 83.5±11.5 | 0.003 |
| • Peritoneal dialysis | 20.5±13.0 | 28.0±19.6 | 21.4±10.6 | 19.0±10.4 | 19.0±10.6 | 15.9±9.9 | <10−4 |
| Mean township characteristics | |||||||
| Population health status | |||||||
| • Prematurec mortality d | 103.1±17.7 | 99.6±16.0 | 103.0±19.0 | 107.3±21.2 | 100.3±15.7 | 105.0±15.0 | 0.27 |
| • Cardiovascular mortality d | 109.2±14.2 | 108.0±13.7 | 111.0±13.4 | 111.3±13.6 | 105.4±14.0 | 110.1±15.8 | 0.80 |
| • Diabetes-related mortality d | 124.1±35.3 | 121.6±36.8 | 126.3±33.1 | 126.8±37.3 | 120.4±34.6 | 125.5±35.4 | 0.90 |
| • Prevalencee of all treated chronic illnesses | 95.3±13.3 | 89.3±9.2 | 98.3±11.6 | 93.7±13.5 | 97.8±15.4 | 97.4±13.9 | 0.004 |
| • Prevalencee of treated diabetes | 105.5±17.3 | 94.5±10.8 | 107.1±12.6 | 102.2±15.8 | 111.1±17.6 | 112.6±21.3 | <10−4 |
| Demographic-socioeconomic context | |||||||
| • Foreign-born people (%) | 2.8±3.5 | 2.5±2.6 | 2.6±3.4 | 2.9±4.3 | 2.8±3.4 | 2.9±3.7 | 0.49 |
| • People living in a rural area (%) | 47.3±32.9 | 57.1±31.1 | 59.2±30.0 | 45.8±30.2 | 31.9±30.8 | 42.6±35.6 | <10−4 |
| • Adults without a high school diploma (%) | 65.3±6.4 | 64.9±6.0 | 66.4±5.1 | 65.0±6.5 | 63.4±8.1 | 66.7±5.7 | 0.84 |
| • Blue-collar workersf (%) | 28.7±5.9 | 28.2±5.5 | 29.4±4.7 | 28.0±6.2 | 28.0±7.5 | 29.6±5.1 | 0.58 |
| • Managers and higher-level professionalsf (%) | 10.3±4.3 | 10.2±3.8 | 9.3±2.7 | 10.8±4.5 | 12.1±5.4 | 9.5±3.8 | 0.42 |
| • Unemployment rate (%) | 12.1±3.3 | 10.4±2.4 | 11.2±2.8 | 12.7±3.5 | 12.9±3.4 | 13.3±3.6 | <10−4 |
| • FDep indexg | 0.0±1.5 | -0.33±1.4 | -0.03±1.3 | 0.04±1.6 | -0.14±1.6 | 0.46±1.5 | 0.02 |
| Health services accessibility | |||||||
| • Local potential accessibility to general practitionerh | 64.8±15.3 | 59.1±11.5 | 62.3±15.3 | 64.4±14.3 | 69.8±14.8 | 68.5±17.9 | <10−4 |
| • Mean travel time to closest nephrologist (min) | 27.4±13.6 | 29.9±13.7 | 31.0±13.8 | 26.8±12.5 | 23.2±13.7 | 26.0±13.3 | 0.006 |
| • Mean travel time to closest dialysis unit (min) | 23.4±11.7 | 26.2±12.8 | 25.9±11.7 | 24.0±12.4 | 19.6±11.1 | 21.5±9.3 | 0.001 |
| Medical practices in dialysis | |||||||
| • Median eGFR at RRT start (mL/min/1.73m2) | 8.8±1.5 | 8.0±1.2 | 8.4±1.2 | 8.7±1.5 | 9.1±1.3 | 9.9±1.7 | <10−4 |
| • Incident patients ≥ 85 years old (%) | 9.7±2.6 | 8.3±2.3 | 9.5±2.4 | 9.5±2.6 | 9.9±2.3 | 11.4±2.6 | <10−4 |
| • Incident patients who died within 3 months (%) | 8.2±2.5 | 7.0±2.3 | 7.9±2.6 | 8.1±2.6 | 9.0±2.5 | 9.0±2.3 | <10−4 |
Values expressed with ± sign are the mean ± SD. RRT = renal replacement therapy, pmi per million inhabitants, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.
a age- and sex-standardized (2005 EU 27 population [16]).
b trend test.
c all deaths before age 65.
d comparative mortality figure, standard = 100 French population 2006.
e comparative prevalence figure, standard = 100 whole French population (2006).
f percentage among active population.
g France Deprivation index, according to Rey et al [17].
h according to Barlet et al [18].