. 2018 Jun 3;5:38–43. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2018.06.001

Table 3.

Average physiological and behavioural parameters of bulls in the three experimental treatments in stress induction phase. Means within the same row with different superscripts are significantly different. Data presented as means ± SE.

Treatment
Parameter		Control treatment (CT)	Tail bend (TB)	Blindfold (BF)	p value
Heart rate frequency	Day 1	91.63^a ± 1.57	68.25^b ± 2.72	66.85^b ± 2.64	< 0.001
	Day 2	92.23^a ± 2.22	67.25^b ± 2.80	60.15^c ± 0.83	< 0.001
	Day 3	87.75^a ± 1.34	68.00^b ± 2.87	57.00^c ± 0.72	< 0.001
Respiratory rate frequency	Day 1	31.63^a ± 1.49	23.88^b ± 0.86	20.63^b ± 0.58	< 0.001
	Day 2	31.38^a ± 1.46	26.25^b ± 0.52	19.50^c ± 0.36	< 0.001
Chest chute forcing frequency		2.83^a ± 0.51	0.25^b ± 0.16	0.41^b± 0.14	< 0.001
Head move frequency		2.50^a ± 0.28	0.33^b ± 0.11	0.25^b ± 0.08	< 0.001
Struggling move frequency		2.00^a ± 0.06	0.85^b ± 0.04	0.33^c ± 0.02	< 0.001
Kicking frequency	Day 2	1.63^a ± 0.25	0.37^b ± 0.17	0.50^b ± 0.25	< 0.05
	Day 3	2.50^a ± 0.37	0.50^b ± 0.24	0.75^b ± 0.22	< 0.001
Tail move frequency		6.80^a ± 1.02	————————–	3.29^b ± 0.44	< 0.001