Table 2.

Univariate analyses model for the presence of antibodies against Neospora caninum in cows from the eastern Antioquia, Colombia.

Independent variable	N° animals		Seroprevalence (%) (95% CI)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value1
	Sampled	Positives
Farm characteristics
Density					0.636
<0.5 animal/ha	583	166	28.4 (24.8–32.3)	1
0.5–08 animal/ha	341	92	28.9 (22.3–32.0)	0.92(0.68–1.25)	0.625
>0.9 animal/ha	114	36	31.5 (23.0–40.9)	1.15(0.75–1.78)	0.503
Jungle contact					0.483
No	397	107	26.9 (22.6–31.6)	1
Yes	641	187	29.1 (25.6–32.8)	1.11(0.84–1.47)	0.440
Water source					0.907
Open	619	174	28.1 (24.5–31.8)	1
Public	419	120	28.6 (24.3–33.2)	1.02(0.77–1.35)	0.852
Breeding service					0.411
Bull	136	34	25.0 (17.9–31.1)	1
AI	902	260	28.8 (25.8–31.9)	1.21(0.80–1.83)	0.356
Origin2					<0.001
Homebred	811	209	25.7 (22.7–28.9)	1
Purchased	227	85	37.4 (31.1–44)	1.72(1.26–2.35)	<0.001
Milking2					0.001
Mechanic	258	53	20.5 (15.7–25.9)	1
Manual	780	241	30.8 (27.6–34.2)	1.73(1.23–2.42)	0.001
Cattle characteristics
Parity					0.519
Primiparus	150	40	26.6 (19.7–34.4)	1
Pluriparus	605	180	29.7 (26.1–33.5)	1.16(0.77–1.74)	0.456
Lactating					0.555
Lactating	483	202	41.8 (37.3–46.3)	1
Dry	76	37	48.6 (37.0–60.4)	0.85(0.56–1.31)	0.484
Milk production					0.645
<10L	95	45	47.3 (37–57.8)	1
11–15 L	254	99	38.9 (32.9–45.2)	0.82(0.53–1.25)	0.367
>16 L	134	58	43.2 (34.7–52.1)	0.91(0.57–1.46)	0.706
Gestation					0.541
No	547	150	27.4 (23.7–31.3)	1
Yes	491	144	29.3 (25.3–33.5)	0.91(0.69–1.19)	0.496
Stage of gestation2					0.135
1–3 m	208	67	32.2 (25.9–39)	1
3–6 m	159	37	23.2 (16.9–30.6)	0.63(0.39–1.02)	0.060
>6 m	123	39	31.7(23.6–40.7)	0.97(0.60–1.57)	0.924
Age2					0.011
<17 m	166	33	19.8 (14–26.7)	1
18–36 m	217	57	26.2 (20.5–32.6)	1.43(0.88–2.33)	0.143
>36 m	655	204	31.1 (27.6–34.8)	1.57 (1.01–2.44)	0.004
Breed2					0.084
Holstein	889	259	29.1 (26.1–32.2)	1
Jersey	114	31	27.1 (19.2–36.3)	0.90(0.58–1.40)	0.666
Crossbred	34	4	11.7 (3.3–27.4)	0.32(0.11–0.92)	0.027
Reproductive disorders
Abortion2					<0.001
No	987	259	26.2 (23.5–29.1)	1
Yes	51	35	68.6 (54.1–80.8)	6.14(3.34–11.29)	<0.001
Repetition of estrus2					0.001
No	145	25	17.2 (11.4–24.3)	1
Yes	893	269	30.1 (27.1–33.2)	2.06(1.31–3.25)	0.001
Placental retention					0.842
No	650	186	28.6 (25.1–32.2)	1
Yes	388	108	27.8 (23.4–32.5)	0.96(0.72–1.04)	0.787
Contacts
Presence of swine					0.750
No	782	219	28.0 (24.8–31.2)	1
Yes	256	75	29.2 (23.7–35.2)	1.06(0.78–1.45)	0.690
Presence of equine					0.828
No	154	42	27.2 (20.4–35)	1
Yes	884	252	28.5 (25.5–31.6)	1.06(0.72–1.56)	0.753
Presence of poultry2					0.154
No	641	171	26.6 (23.2–30.2)	1
Yes	397	123	30.9 (26.4–35.7)	1.23(0.03–1.62)	0.134

¹Chi-square test.

²p value <0.25.