Table 5.
List of chemicals applied by SP, SPP and PP farmers (% of farmers those reported the use of each chemical).
| Substance |
Studied farm group |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP | SPP | PP | Overall mean | |
| Antibiotics (n=4) | ||||
| Chlortetracycline | 0.00 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
| Oxytetracycline | 0.00 | 24 | 2.6 | 9.5 |
| Doxycycline | 0.00 | 1.4 | 0.88 | 0.79 |
| Neomycin sulfate | 0.00 | 1.4 | 0.00 | 0.53 |
| Disinfectants (n=15) | ||||
| Calcium carbonate | 99 | 96 | 100 | 98 |
| Calcium oxide | 7.1 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 4.7 |
| Calcium magnesium carbonate | 4.7 | 3.6 | 0.88 | 3.2 |
| Zeolite | 43 | 42 | 32 | 39 |
| Sodium thiosulfate | 1.6 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 5.5 |
| Aluminum potassium sulfate | 7.1 | 1.4 | 3.5 | 3.9 |
| Sodium percarbonate | 1.6 | 3.6 | 7.9 | 4.2 |
| Hydrogen peroxide | 0.79 | 6.5 | 8.8 | 5.3 |
| Calcium peroxide | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.6 | 0.79 |
| Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine | 0.79 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.53 |
| Potassium permanganate | 22 | 7.2 | 9.6 | 13 |
| Benzalkonium chloride | 4.0 | 9.4 | 11 | 8.1 |
| Chlorine | 30 | 25 | 9.6 | 22 |
| Potassium peroxymono sulfate | 0.79 | 1.4 | 0.00 | 0.79 |
| Unidentified | 3.1 | 17 | 7.9 | 9.5 |
| Pesticides (n=13) | ||||
| Rotenone | 16 | 17 | 21 | 18 |
| Saponin (teaseed cake) | 0.00 | 8.6 | 1.8 | 3.7 |
| Malathion | 1.6 | 0.72 | 0.00 | 0.79 |
| Methylene blue | 0.79 | 11 | 0.88 | 4.5 |
| Copper sulfate | 14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.7 |
| Tobacco dust | 8.7 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.9 |
| Carbofuran | 4.7 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.6 |
| Diazinone | 2.4 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.79 |
| Cartap | 6.3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.1 |
| Cypermethrin | 0.79 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.26 |
| Thiamethoxam | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.00 | 0.26 |
| Endrin | 2.4 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.79 |
| Thydrine | 3.1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.1 |
| Feed additives (n=2) | ||||
| Vitamin and mineral premix | 2.4 | 10 | 7.0 | 6.6 |
| Vitamin C | 0.79 | 12 | 5.3 | 6.1 |
| Probiotics | 13 | 11 | 4.4 | 9.5 |