2. Potential interventions for future research.

Types of interventions	Primary outcomes			Secondary outcomes
	Population health	Access to and utilization of health care	Quality and efficiency of health care	Patient satisfaction	District manager knowledge and skill
Hiring and retaining
Direct financial incentives (e.g., signing bonuses)	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
Bonding (e.g., service‐requiring scholarships)	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
Professional development opportunities (e.g., future program placement priorities)	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
Improvements to the work environment (e.g., facility infrastructure)	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
Training
Off‐site in‐service training	‐	‐	1 study Low quality evidence	‐	1 study Low quality evidence
On‐site in‐service training	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
Pre‐career education	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
Mid‐career education	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
Packages
Contracting‐in	1 study Low quality evidence	1 study Low quality evidence	‐	1 study Low quality evidence	‐