Newborn and adult MoDCs were pre-treated with Benzimidazole (IRAK1/4 inhibitor; 5 and 50 μM) (A,B), R406 (Syk inhibitor; 5 and 50 μM) (C,D), Celastrol (NF-κB inhibitor; 1 and 10 μM) (E,F) or VX-765 (Caspase-1 inhibitor; 10 or 100 μM) (G,H) for 1 hour prior to activation with R848, TDB, or R848+TDB. Secretion of TNF and IL-1β was measured in supernatant after an 18-hour stimulation. Cytokine production was normalized to condition with no pharmacological inhibitors to visualize the percentage of inhibition. (n=6, mean+SEM, paired Student’s t-test, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001)