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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2016 Oct 28;197(11):4413–4424. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600282

Figure 6. Specific TLR/CLR agonist combinations demonstrate age-specific synergistic induction of TNF production.

Figure 6

MoDCs were stimulated with a concentration range of TLR7/8-agonist (R848 or VTX-294, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM), Mincle-agonist (TDB, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 μg/ml), or both (A–D) or with a TLR4-agonist (MPLA or GLA-AF, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 ng/ml), Dectin-1-agonist (Zymosan or BGP, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 μg/ml), or both (E–H) (n=5–7). Blue and red stars indicate statistically significant differences between combination and the CLR agonist alone or TLR agonist alone, respectively. The Loewe definition of additivity was applied to determine whether the agonists act synergistically (D<1), additive (D=1) or antagonistically (D>1). Degree of synergy (1/D) was compared between age groups (I). (Mean+SEM, unpaired Student’s t-test, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001).