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. 2020 Jun 5;2020(6):CD012906. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012906.pub2

Comparison 3. Metformin vs thiazolidinedione.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
3.1 All‐cause mortality 5 4402 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.55, 1.39]
3.1.1 Pioglitazone 2 1232 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.11, 3.98]
3.1.2 Rosiglitazone 3 3170 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.56, 1.44]
3.2 All‐cause mortality (Subgroup: duration of the intervention) 5 4402 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.55, 1.39]
3.2.1 Long duration (2 years or more) 1 2910 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.56, 1.48]
3.2.2 Short duration (less than 2 years) 4 1492 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.57 [0.12, 2.70]
3.3 Serious adverse events 4 3208 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.84, 1.09]
3.3.1 Pioglitazone 1 38 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
3.3.2 Rosiglitazone 3 3170 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.84, 1.09]
3.4 Serious adverse event (Subgroup: duration of the intervention)s 4 3208 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.84, 1.09]
3.4.1 Long duration (2 years or more) 1 2910 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.84, 1.09]
3.4.2 Short duration (less than 2 years) 3 298 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.24, 2.24]
3.5 Cardiovascular mortality 4 3211 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.71 [0.21, 2.39]
3.5.1 Pioglitazone 1 38 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
3.5.2 Rosiglitazone 3 3173 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.71 [0.21, 2.39]
3.6 Cardiovascular mortality Subgroup: duration of the intervention) 4   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
3.6.1 Long duration (2 years or more) 1 2913 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.22, 2.98]
3.6.2 Short duration (less than 2 years) 3 298 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.34 [0.01, 8.31]
3.7 Anthropometric measures: BMI 3 145 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.39 [‐2.34, 1.56]
3.7.1 Pioglitazone 2 110 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐2.82, 3.02]
3.7.2 Rosiglitazone 1 35 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.50 [‐4.78, 1.78]
3.8 Anthropometric measures: body weight 2 2948 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.27 [‐15.21, 12.67]
3.8.1 Pioglitazone 1 38 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 6.60 [‐2.31, 15.51]
3.8.2 Rosiglitazone 1 2910 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐7.70 [‐8.44, ‐6.96]
3.9 Glycaemic control: FPG 6 4456 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [‐0.21, 0.84]
3.9.1 Pioglitazone 3 1286 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.10, 1.22]
3.9.2 Rosiglitazone 3 3170 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.12 [‐0.61, 0.85]
3.10 Glycaemic control: FPG (Subgroup: duration of the intervention) 6 4456 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [‐0.21, 0.84]
3.10.1 Long duration (2 years or more) 1 2910 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.57, 0.89]
3.10.2 Short duration (less than 2 years) 5 1546 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.12 [‐0.32, 0.56]
3.11 Glycaemic control: FPG (Subgroup: selection bias) 6 4456 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [‐0.21, 0.84]
3.11.1 Low risk of selection bias 3 4311 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.28 [‐0.58, 1.13]
3.11.2 Unclear or high risk of selection bias 3 145 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [‐0.38, 1.08]
3.12 Glycaemic control: HbA1c 6 4456 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.18, 0.19]
3.12.1 Pioglitazone 3 1286 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.09 [‐0.19, 0.02]
3.12.2 Rosiglitazone 3 3170 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.08 [‐0.19, 0.34]
3.13 Glycaemic control: HbA1c (Subgroup: duration of the intervention) 6 4456 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.18, 0.19]
3.13.1 Long duration (2 years or more) 1 2910 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.26 [0.15, 0.37]
3.13.2 Short duration (less than 2 years) 5 1546 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.08 [‐0.17, 0.01]
3.14 Glycaemic control: HbA1c (Subgroup: selection bias) 6 4456 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.18, 0.19]
3.14.1 Low risk of selection bias 3 4311 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐0.22, 0.29]
3.14.2 Unclear or high risk of selection bias 3 145 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐0.29, 0.19]
3.15 Intervention failure 2 2987 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.45 [1.18, 1.77]
3.15.1 Pioglitazone 1 77 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.06, 15.02]
3.15.2 Rosiglitazone 1 2910 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.45 [1.19, 1.77]
3.16 Intervention failure (Subgroup: duration of the intervention 2 2987 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.45 [1.18, 1.77]
3.16.1 Long duration (2 years or more) 1 2910 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.45 [1.19, 1.77]
3.16.2 Short duration (less than 2 years) 1 77 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.06, 15.02]
3.17 Intervention failure (Subgroup: selection bias) 2 2987 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.45 [1.18, 1.77]
3.17.1 Low risk of selection bias 1 2910 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.45 [1.19, 1.77]
3.17.2 Unclear or high risk of selection bias 1 77 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.06, 15.02]