2. Intervention Characteristics.
| Study | Kin Placement Type | Placement Timing | Length of Stay | Data Collection |
| Akin 2011 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 30 ‐ 42 months | |
| Barth 1994 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Cross‐sectional | |
| Belanger 2002 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 29.0 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 31.0 months | Cross‐sectional |
| Benedict 1996a | Licensed | First | Longitudinal ‐ 4 years | |
| Bennett 2000 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Berger 2009 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal | |
| Berrick 1994 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 39.0 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 28.0 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Berrick 1997 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 18.0 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 18.0 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Berrick 1999 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ up to 7 years | |
| Bilaver 1999 | Not Reported/Unclear | Only | Longitudinal ‐ 1 ‐ 2 years | |
| Brooks 1998 | Not Reported/Unlcear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 43.2 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 32.4 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Chamberlain 2006 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Longitudinal ‐ 1 year | |
| Chapman 2004 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 12.0 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 12.0 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Chew 1998 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Christopher 1998 | Not Reported/Unclear | Last | Cross‐sectional | |
| Clyman 1998 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 21.2 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 17.5 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Cole 2006 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Cross‐sectional | |
| Connell 2006a | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ up to 5 years | |
| Connell 2006b | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 5 years | |
| Courtney 1995 | Not Reported/Unclear | Last | Longitudinal ‐ 3 years | |
| Courtney 1996a | Not Reported/Unclear | Last | Cross‐sectional | |
| Courtney 1996b | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Cross‐sectional | |
| Courtney 1997a | Not Reported/Unclear | First (Reunification) Last (re‐entry) | Longitudinal ‐ 6 years | |
| Courtney 1997b | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 4 years | |
| Davis 2005 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 16.0 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 39.0 months (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 80.0 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 65.0 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| De Robertis 2004 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Longitudinal ‐ 4 ‐ 8 years | |
| Del Valle 2009 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 57.6 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 40.8 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Dunn 2010 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Cross‐sectional | |
| Farmer 2010 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 18 months | |
| Farruggia 2009 | Not Reported/Unclear | Last | Cross‐sectional | |
| Ford 2007 | Licensed (52%) | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 36 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 30 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Frame 2000 | Not Reported/Unclear | Last | Longitudinal ‐ 4 ‐ 6 years | |
| Frame 2002 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 3.5 ‐ 4.5 years | |
| Fuller 2005 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Cross‐sectional | |
| Geenen 2006 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reporte/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Grogan‐Kaylor 2000 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Cross‐sectional | |
| Harris 2003 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Helton 2010 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Longitudinal | |
| Holtan 2005 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 61.2 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 68.4 months | Cross‐sectional |
| Hurlburt 2010 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Longitudinal ‐ 4‐12 months | |
| Iglehart 1994 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Iglehart 1995 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Jenkins 2002 | Licensed | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 31.6 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 19.3 months | Cross‐sectional |
| Johnson 2005 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 15 months | |
| Jones‐Karena 1998 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Jonson‐Reid 2003 | Not Reported/Unclear | Last | Longitudinal ‐ 4.5 years | |
| Keller 2010 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Koh 2008a | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 1 year | |
| Koh 2008b | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 3 years | |
| Koh 2009 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 1 year | |
| Landsverk 1996 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Lawler 2008 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Lernihan 2006 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 46.8 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 60 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Leslie 2000a | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Longitudinal ‐ 1.5 years | |
| Linares 2010 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Lutman 2009 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Longitudinal ‐ 3‐10 years | |
| McCarthy 2007 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| McIntosh 2002 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| McMillen 2004 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| McMillen 2005 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Mennen 2010 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Metzger 1997 | Unlicensed | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 74.0 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 77.8 months | Cross‐sectional |
| Metzger 2008 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 74 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 78 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Mosek 2001 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 104.4 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 126.0 months | Cross‐sectional |
| Orgel 2007 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unlcear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Pabustan‐Claar 2007a | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 6 years | |
| Palacios 2009 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Ringeisen 2009 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 5 ‐ 6 years | |
| Rubin 2008 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitunidal ‐ 18 and 36 months | |
| Rudenberg 1991 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Ryan 2010a | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 53.2 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 53.7 months |
Longitudinal ‐ 6.1 years |
| Sakai 2011 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 26 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 19.3 months |
Longitudinal ‐ 3 years |
| Sallnas 2004 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Longitudinal ‐ 5 years | |
| Scannapieco 1997 | Licensed | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 33.6 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 17.8 months | Cross‐sectional |
| Schneiderman 2010 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unlcear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Shin 2003 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 96.0 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 96.0 months | Cross‐sectional |
| Sivright 2004 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 47.3 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 43.8 months | Cross‐sectional |
| Smith 2002 | Unlicensed | First | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 13.4 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 5.5 months | Longitudinal ‐ 2 ‐ 3 years |
| Smith 2003 | Not Reported/Unclear | Last | Longitudinal ‐ 11 months | |
| Sripathy 2004 | Licensed | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Strijker 2003 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Strijker 2008 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 13.2 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 20.4 months |
Longitudinal ‐ 2.33 years |
| Surbeck 2000 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 22.9 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 27.0 months | Cross‐sectional |
| Tarren‐Sweeney 2006a | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Tarren‐Sweeney 2006b | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Tarren‐Sweeney 2008a | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Tarren‐Sweeney 2008b | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Testa 1999 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Longitudinal ‐ 1 ‐ 3 years | |
| Testa 2001 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 63.1 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 52.8 months | Longitudinal ‐ up to 8 years |
| Timmer 2004 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Tompkins 2003 | Licensed and Unlicensed | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 31.3 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 31.0 months | Cross‐sectional |
| USDHHS 2005 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Cross‐sectional | |
| Valicenti‐McDermott 2008 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | (K) ‐ Placement ‐ 38.4 months (F) ‐ Placement ‐ 14.4 months (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 45.6 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 32.4 months |
Cross‐sectional |
| Villagrana 2008 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Vogel 1999 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 18.8 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 13.8 months | Longitudinal ‐ up to 2 years |
| Wells 1999 | Not Reported/Unclear | First (Reunification) Last (re‐entry) | Longitudinal ‐ 3 years | |
| Wilson 1999 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Winokur 2008 | Not Reported/Unclear | Last | (K) ‐ OOH ‐ 12 months (F) ‐ OOH ‐ 12 months |
Longitudinal ‐ 1 year |
| Zima 2000 | Not Reported/Unclear | Not Reported/Unclear | Cross‐sectional | |
| Zimmerman 1998 | Not Reported/Unclear | First | Cross‐sectional | |
| Zinn 2009 | Not Reported/Unlcear | Not Reported/Unclear | Longitudinal ‐ 5 ‐ 9 years | |
| Zuravin 1993 | Licensed | Not Reported/Unclear | Longitudinal ‐ 5 years |
OOH: out‐of‐home