Frame 2000.

Methods	Multivariate effect sizes adjusted using covariates for maternal criminal history, child age at placement, type of placement prior to reunification, and maternal substance abuse
Participants	Kinship n = 26 Foster n = 62 Random sample drawn for 200 infants (ages 1 day to 12 months), from administrative database that is part of the California Children's Services Authority (the Foster Care Information System), who entered out‐of‐home care in a large urban county between 1990 and 1992, who subsequently reunified with at least one parent, and whose record could be tracked through January 1996
Interventions	See Table 2
Outcomes	Placement Stability ‐ Re‐entry
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Attempt was made to equate the kinship care and foster care groups through controlling for covariates; No evidence reported on the comparability of the groups
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Uncertain if kinship care and foster care groups experienced different exposure to the intervention; Uncertain if groups received different services during placement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Uncertain if kinship care and foster care groups were defined in same way; Uncertain if there was evidence of biased assessment resulting from the type of placement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	All participants were not accounted for in the reporting of results; Uncertain if attrition could have influenced the results
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Instrumentation used to measure the outcomes was specified completely; Reliability and/or validity information was not reported for instrumentation