Grogan‐Kaylor 2000.

Methods	Multivariate effect sizes adjusted using covariates for individual variables, family variables, population level variables of the foster care caseload of the counties in which children were placed, and foster care licensing variables
Participants	N =16,866 Based on a 10% random sample of initial placements in care between 1988 and 1995 Local samples used from The Foster Care Information System (FCIS) in California
Interventions	See Table 2
Outcomes	Permanency ‐ Reunification
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Attempt was made to equate the kinship care and foster care groups through controlling for covariates; No evidence reported on the comparability of the groups
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Uncertain if kinship care and foster care groups experienced different exposure to the intervention; Uncertain if groups received different services during placement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Uncertain if kinship care and foster care groups were defined in same way; There was no evidence of biased assessment resulting from the type of placement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants were accounted for in the reporting of results; Attrition could not have influenced the results
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Instrumentation used to measure the outcomes was specified completely; Reliability and/or validity information was reported for instrumentation