Timmer 2004.

Methods	No control for confounders for kinship‐foster comparison Demographic comparison using child gender, age, ethnicity, abuse history, and length in placement, and caregiver ethnicity, educational attainment, and marital status
Participants	Kinship n = 92 Foster n = 141 Drawn from kin and non‐kin foster parents and children who had been referred for Parent‐Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) services at a clinic primarily serving children in the child welfare system
Interventions	See Table 2
Outcomes	Behavioural Development ‐ Behaviour Problems
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No attempt was made to equate the kinship care and foster care groups through controlling for covariates; Evidence on setting, placement characteristics, and child demographics was reported on the comparability of the groups
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Uncertain if kinship care and foster care groups experienced different exposure to the intervention; Groups received different services during placement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Kinship care and foster care groups were defined in same way; There was evidence of biased assessment resulting from the type of placement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	All participants were not accounted for in the reporting of results; Uncertain if attrition could have influenced the results
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Instrumentation used to measure the outcomes was specified completely; Reliability and/or validity information was reported for instrumentation