Cho 2006.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: quasi‐RCT Number randomized: 65; 34 to the exercise group and 31 to the control group Study start and stop dates: October 2002 to June 2003 Length of intervention: 10 weeks Length of follow‐up: to end of the intervention
Participants	Type cancer: breast cancer, stage I to II Time since cancer diagnosis: mean 14.8 months Time beyond active treatment, mean (SD) months: exercise group: time since mastectomy, 15.5 (5.9) months control group: time since mastectomy, 17 (6.2) months Inclusion criteria: histologically confirmed early stage (stages I, II) breast cancer within 2 years of mastectomy completion of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both Eligibility criterion related to interest or ability to exercise, or both: none reported Exclusion criteria: evidence of recurrent or progressive cancer mental or systematic disease Gender: female Current age, mean (SD) years: exercise group: 48.7 (9.1) years control group: 49.6 (6.2) years Age at cancer diagnosis: not reported Ethnicity/race: not reported Education level, n (%): exercise group: less than middle school, 3 (10.7%); High school, 10 (35.7%); more than college, 15 (53.6%) control group: less than middle school, 7 (26.0%); High school, 10 (37.0%); more than college, 10 (37.0%) SES: not reported Employment status: not reported Comorbidities: not reported Past exercise history: not reported On hormone therapy, n (%): exercise group: 14/28 (50%) control group: 17/27 (63%)
Interventions	34 participants assigned to the exercise intervention, including: exercise psychology‐based education peer support group activity Type exercise (aerobic/anaerobic): aerobic Intensity of experimental exercise intervention: to maximum HR of 40% to 60% Frequency: twice per week Duration of individual session: 90 minutes Duration of exercise program: 10 weeks Total number of exercise sessions: 20 Format: individual and group Facility: home and tertiary care hospital Professionally led: registered fitness instructor Adherence: not reported Co‐intervention: none Control group: 31 assigned to control group, consisting of waiting list Contamination of control group: not reported
Outcomes	Outcomes: QoL and physiologic outcomes, including: change in range of motion of the shoulder joint, assessed using ROM goniometer change in psychosocial adjustment, assessed using 18‐item, 4‐point scale, 1 = never, 2 = no, 3 = yes, 4 = very much change in QoL, using an instrument developed by Chae‐Choe, with 27 items Outcomes were measured at baseline and 10 weeks: exercise group: n = 34 at baseline, n = 28 at 10 weeks control group: n = 31 at baseline, n = 27 at 10 weeks Adverse events: recurrence of cancer (n = 3)
Notes	Country: South Korea Funding: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Stated that it is a quasi‐randomized study but details not given
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Whether the treatment assignment was concealed from study personnel and participants was not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Owing to the nature of the intervention, it was not possible to blind the participants; however, it is unclear whether the outcome was influenced by a lack of masking
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Study personnel and outcome assessors were not masked or blinded to the study interventions
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	10 participants not included in analyses, 3 participants had an adverse event and 7 participants withdrew
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	There appears to be no selective reporting of outcomes
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appears to be free of other problems that could put it at a high risk of bias