Table 4.
Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between lipid-adjusted plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and 20-year conditional mortality in the CBCSI women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 1993–1996 (n = 748).
| 20-year Conditional All-Cause Mortality | 20-year Conditional Breast Cancer-Specific Mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCBs (μ/g lipid) | Deaths (n = 259) | Censored (n = 356) | Model 1a | Model 2b | Deaths (n = 97) | Censored (n = 518) | Model 1a | Model 2b |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||||
| PCB74 | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 60 | 146 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 36 | 170 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 80 | 133 | 1.12 (0.79–1.57) | 0.91 (0.63–1.33) | 34 | 179 | 1.02 (0.63–1.64) | 0.84 (0.50–1.42) |
| Tertile 3 | 119 | 77 | 1.61 (1.14–2.28) | 1.54 (1.06–2.24) | 27 | 169 | 1.14 (0.66–1.96) | 1.23 (0.70–2.18) |
| Ln(PCB74) | 1.19 (1.00–1.40) | 1.17 (0.98–1.41) | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | 1.11 (0.85–1.46) | ||||
| PCB99 | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 65 | 146 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 36 | 175 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 80 | 124 | 1.15 (0.82–1.60) | 1.33 (0.92–1.92) | 34 | 170 | 0.99 (0.61–1.58) | 1.15 (0.68–1.92) |
| Tertile 3 | 112 | 82 | 1.49 (1.07–2.08) | 1.57 (1.08–2.29) | 27 | 167 | 0.97 (0.57–1.65) | 1.11 (0.63–1.96) |
| Ln(PCB99) | 1.16 (0.99–1.36) | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) | 1.10 (0.83–1.45) | ||||
| PCB118 | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 63 | 144 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 32 | 175 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 81 | 128 | 1.23 (0.88–1.71) | 1.46 (1.01–2.10) | 39 | 170 | 1.38 (0.86–2.21) | 1.79 (1.07–2.98) |
| Tertile 3 | 113 | 80 | 1.52 (1.08–2.13) | 1.74 (1.19–2.56) | 26 | 167 | 1.15 (0.66–2.00) | 1.57 (0.86–2.86) |
| Ln(PCB118) | 1.24 (1.05–1.47) | 1.37 (1.12–1.68) | 1.06 (0.81–1.39) | 1.23 (0.90–1.69) | ||||
| PCB138 | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 59 | 145 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 34 | 170 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 81 | 127 | 1.23 (0.88–1.73) | 1.24 (0.85–1.80) | 33 | 175 | 1.12 (0.69–1.82) | 1.24 (0.73–2.10) |
| Tertile 3 | 117 | 80 | 1.64 (1.16–2.31) | 1.72 (1.18–2.50) | 30 | 167 | 1.19 (0.71–2.01) | 1.40 (0.80–2.46) |
| Ln(PCB138) | 1.21 (0.99–1.48) | 1.20 (0.97–1.50) | 1.01 (0.75–1.37) | 1.08 (0.78–1.50) | ||||
| PCB146 | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 53 | 151 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 35 | 169 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 76 | 131 | 1.24 (0.87–1.77) | 1.11 (0.75–1.63) | 27 | 180 | 0.84 (0.51–1.40) | 0.78 (0.45–1.36) |
| Tertile 3 | 126 | 71 | 2.05 (1.42–2.95) | 1.88 (1.26–2.80) | 34 | 163 | 1.38 (0.82–2.33) | 1.35 (0.77–2.36) |
| Ln(PCB146) | 1.35 (1.15–1.59) | 1.30 (1.09–1.55) | 1.19 (0.93–1.53) | 1.19 (0.91–1.55) | ||||
| PCB153 | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 56 | 148 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 32 | 172 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 81 | 126 | 1.30 (0.92–1.84) | 1.39 (0.95–2.02) | 33 | 174 | 1.17 (0.72–1.91) | 1.33 (0.78–2.25) |
| Tertile 3 | 120 | 78 | 1.80 (1.27–2.56) | 1.96 (1.33–2.89) | 32 | 166 | 1.42 (0.84–2.40) | 1.60 (0.90–2.86) |
| Ln(PCB153) | 1.27 (1.03–1.58) | 1.34 (1.05–1.70) | 1.07 (0.77–1.47) | 1.27 (0.89–1.82) | ||||
| PCB156 + PCB171c | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 64 | 135 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 41 | 158 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 81 | 128 | 1.12 (0.81–1.56) | 1.15 (0.80–1.65) | 30 | 179 | 0.79 (0.49–1.27) | 0.91 (0.55–1.52) |
| Tertile 3 | 114 | 93 | 1.27 (0.91–1.77) | 1.33 (0.92–1.93) | 26 | 181 | 0.77 (0.46–1.31) | 0.97 (0.55–1.70) |
| Ln(PCB156 + PCB171) | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 0.90 (0.73–1.11) | 0.96 (0.76–1.20) | ||||
| PCB170 + PCB190c | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 58 | 139 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 32 | 165 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 86 | 117 | 1.30 (0.93–1.82) | 1.16 (0.81–1.68) | 32 | 171 | 1.18 (0.72–1.95) | 1.07 (0.63–1.82) |
| Tertile 3 | 109 | 84 | 1.56 (1.11–2.19) | 1.44 (0.99–2.11) | 30 | 163 | 1.30 (0.77–2.19) | 1.16 (0.66–2.06) |
| Ln(PCB170 + PCB190) | 1.21 (1.04–1.41) | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 1.14 (0.91–1.44) | 1.14 (0.89–1.46) | ||||
| PCB180 | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 64 | 137 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 33 | 168 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 95 | 118 | 1.21 (0.87–1.67) | 1.15 (0.81–1.64) | 38 | 175 | 1.30 (0.81–2.09) | 1.20 (0.72–2.00) |
| Tertile 3 | 98 | 97 | 1.20 (0.85–1.67) | 1.23 (0.85–1.78) | 25 | 170 | 0.94 (0.55–1.62) | 1.00 (0.57–1.78) |
| Ln(PCB180) | 1.07 (0.88–1.30) | 1.12 (0.88–1.41) | 1.05 (0.78–1.41) | 1.09 (0.79–1.52) | ||||
| PCB182 + PCB187c | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 54 | 154 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 36 | 172 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 84 | 122 | 1.39 (0.98–1.98) | 1.39 (0.95–2.04) | 35 | 171 | 1.15 (0.58–1.68) | 1.18 (0.70–1.98) |
| Tertile 3 | 121 | 80 | 1.70 (1.17–2.47) | 1.82 (1.21–2.74) | 26 | 175 | 0.91 (0.52–1.61) | 0.95 (0.52–1.74) |
| Ln(PCB182 + PCB187) | 1.23 (1.06–1.42) | 1.20 (1.03–1.41) | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | ||||
| PCB194 | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 60 | 142 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 40 | 162 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 84 | 125 | 1.12 (0.80–1.57) | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 31 | 178 | 0.86 (0.53–1.38) | 0.74 (0.44–1.24) |
| Tertile 3 | 115 | 89 | 1.31 (0.92–1.85) | 1.34 (0.91–1.98) | 26 | 178 | 0.83 (0.49–1.43) | 0.84 (0.47–1.51) |
| Ln(PCB194) | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 1.07 (0.88–1.29) | 0.88 (0.68–1.13) | 0.87 (0.66–1.14) | ||||
| PCB196 + PCB203c | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 53 | 152 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 39 | 166 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 89 | 122 | 1.39 (0.98–1.98) | 1.28 (0.87–1.89) | 32 | 179 | 0.95 (0.58–1.53) | 0.81 (0.48–1.38) |
| Tertile 3 | 117 | 82 | 1.64 (1.12–2.39) | 1.45 (0.95–2.20) | 26 | 173 | 1.00 (0.57–1.74) | 0.80 (0.44–1.45) |
| Ln(PCB196 + PCB203) | 1.23 (1.01–1.48) | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 26 | 173 | 0.97 (0.74–1.28) | 0.87 (0.65–1.17) | ||
| PCB201 | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 60 | 150 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 38 | 172 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 85 | 124 | 1.30 (0.93–1.82) | 1.18 (0.82–1.71) | 34 | 175 | 1.08 (0.67–1.73) | 0.97 (0.59–1.61) |
| Tertile 3 | 114 | 82 | 1.68 (1.18–2.40) | 1.38 (0.94–2.04) | 25 | 171 | 1.15 (0.66–2.00) | 0.85 (0.47–1.53) |
| Ln(PCB201) | 1.21 (1.04–1.41) | 1.11 (0.94–1.32) | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) | 0.89 (0.70–1.13) | ||||
| Total PCBs | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 56 | 148 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 35 | 169 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Tertile 2 | 85 | 128 | 1.42 (1.01–1.99) | 1.49 (1.03–2.16) | 33 | 180 | 1.08 (0.67–1.75) | 1.19 (0.71–1.98) |
| Tertile 3 | 118 | 80 | 1.71 (1.21–2.43) | 1.73 (1.17–2.56) | 29 | 169 | 1.17 (0.69–1.99) | 1.26 (0.70–2.27) |
| Ln(Total PCBs) | 1.35 (1.07–1.70) | 1.36 (1.04–1.77) | 1.13 (0.78–1.64) | 1.20 (0.80–1.81) | ||||
Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) participants were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 1993 to 1996 (Phase I) and followed-up for vital status through December 31, 2016. Conditional analyses are among women who survived > 5 years.
a
Adjusted for age at diagnosis (continuous in years) and race (black vs. white).
b
Adjusted for age at diagnosis (continuous in years), race (black vs. white), smoking status (never, former, and current smoker), education (less than high school, high school, and college or greater), BMI (< 25.0, 25.0–29.9, ≥30.0 kg/m2), parity/lactation history (nulliparous, parous/never lactated, parous/ever lactated), stage (III/IV vs. I/II), and ER status (ER+ vs. ER−).
c
These analytes are quantitated and reported as the sum of their concentrations because they co-elute during GC analysis.