Table 1.
Participant characteristics at intake.
| Characteristic | Intention-to-Treat (n = 166) | Completers (n = 91) | Opiate Users (n = 57) | Opiate-Abstinent Cocaine Users (n =25) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristic, M (SD) | ||||||||
| Age in years | 48 | (10) | 48 | (10) | 47 | (9) | 48 | (8) |
| Drug purchases in past 30 days in $ | 361 | (516) | 259 | (369) | 326 | (409) | 367 | (422) |
| Income in past 30 days in $ | ||||||||
| Pension, benefits, or social security | 295 | (379) | 287 | (365) | 231 | (329) | 201 | (318) |
| Welfare | 198 | (174) | 187 | (150) | 205 | (157) | 189 | (128) |
| Mate, family, or friends | 39 | (171) | 26 | (72) | 22 | (56) | 20 | (32) |
| Illegal | 22 | (137) | 24 | (161) | 30 | (198) | 6 | (29) |
| Employment | 4 | (24) | 8 | (31) | 12 | (39) | 14 | (39) |
| BDI Score | 10 | (9) | 9 | (9) | 9 | (8) | 8 | (7) |
| Demographic Characteristic, n (%) | ||||||||
| Female | 73 | (44) | 41 | (45) | 27 | (47) | 12 | (48) |
| Race | ||||||||
| Black or African American | 104 | (63) | 51 | (56) | 30 | (53) | 13 | (52) |
| White | 56 | (34) | 36 | (40) | 25 | (44) | 12 | (48) |
| Hispanic or Cuban | 3 | (2) | 3 | (3) | 1 | (2) | 0 | (0) |
| American Indian | 3 | (2) | 1 | (1) | 1 | (2) | 0 | (0) |
| Married | 22 | (13) | 15 | (16) | 9 | (16) | 6 | (24) |
| Previously Incarcerated | 136 | (82) | 74 | (81) | 48 | (84) | 18 | (72) |
| Currently on parole or probation | 18 | (11) | 10 | (11) | 6 | (11) | 2 | (8) |
| High school diploma or GED | 98 | (59) | 60 | (66) | 39 | (68) | 19 | (76) |
| Usually unemployed in past 3 years | 72 | (43) | 37 | (41) | 27 | (47) | 15 | (60) |
| Retired or Disability | 50 | (30) | 30 | (33) | 15 | (26) | 6 | (24) |
| Living in Poverty | 162 | (98) | 90 | (99) | 57 | (100) | 25 | (100) |
| Drug use characteristics, n (%) | ||||||||
| Opiates | ||||||||
| Use in past 30 days | 112 | (67) | 51 | (56) | 39 | (68) | 15 | (60) |
| Primarily IV administration | 97 | (58) | 41 | (45) | 27 | (47) | 12 | (48) |
| Initial urinalysis positive | 69 | (42) | 33 | (36) | 27 | (47) | 10 | (40) |
| Cocaine | ||||||||
| Use in past 30 days | 108 | (65) | 48 | (53) | 35 | (61) | 21 | (84) |
| Primarily IV administration | 41 | (25) | 18 | (20) | 11 | (19) | 5 | (20) |
| Initial urinalysis positive | 109 | (66) | 46 | (51) | 34 | (60) | 22 | (88) |