Figure 5:

Comparison of the empirical and predicted k₁ and $k_1^{*}$. Top row: empirical criteria of two example observers. The $k_1^{*}$ was calculated as the midpoint between the two empirical k₂ (see Figure S1 for k₂ calculation details). Left column: predicted relationship between the Type 1 and Type 2 criteria (d′ = 1; all Ω_1,1α with α = 0.5). Grey and square symbols: symmetry conditions. Triangles: prior asymmetry. Blue symbols: payoff asymmetry. Polar plots: residuals between empirical data and model prediction based on best-fitting parameters, plotted as vectors. Arrowheads: residuals greater than plot bounds. Colored circles by model names indicate purple: normative-shift models, green: gains-shift models, yellow: neutral-fixed model.