. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Kidney Dis. 2020 May 7;76(2):166–173. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.01.011

Table 2.

Longitudinal Association of Body Mass Index with measures of Cardiac Structure among 725 Children with Mild-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease at a total of 1,483 visits.

	LVMI z-score		LVH^*
Exposure	Estimate (95% CI)	P	Odds ratio 95% CI	P
Age-Sex specific BMI z-score^a, per 1 SD increase for Males	0.24 (0.17, 0.31)	p<0.001	1.5 (1.1, 2.1)	p=0.01
Age-Sex specific BMI z-score^a, per 1 SD increase for Females	0.38 (0.29, 0.47)	p<0.001	3.1 (1.8, 4.4)	p<0.001
Covariates
Years from baseline, per 1 year increase	−0.08 (−0.11, −0.06)	p<0.001	0.8 (0.7, 0.9)	p=0.001
Baseline Age, per 1 year increase	−0.002 (−0.02, 0.02)	p=0.8	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	p=0.8
Baseline CKD Duration, per 5 year increase	0.001 (−0.0004, 0.002)	p=0.2	1.002 (0.998, 1.007)	p=0.3
Female (vs. Male)	0.14 (0.004, 0.28)	p=0.04	1.4 (0.7, 2.8)	p=0.3
African American (vs. non-African American)	0.29 (0.12, 0.45)	p=0.001	2.2 (1.2, 4.2)	p=0.01
Glomerular diagnosis (vs. non-Glomerular)	0.16 (0.001, 0.33)	p=0.05	1.8 (0.9, 3.4)	p=0.09
Age-Sex-Height specific SBP z-score^a, per 1 SD increase	0.18 (0.11, 0.25)	p<0.001	2.0 (1.4, 2.8)	p<0.001
Age-Sex-Height specific DBP z-score^a, per 1 SD increase	0.03 (−0.05, 0.11)	p=0.5	1.1 (0.7, 1.5)	p=0.8
log(Calcium^* Phosphorous)^a, mg²/dL²	0.38 (−0.02, 0.79)	p=0.06	2.1 (0.3, 13.2)	p=0.4
Estimated glomerular filtration rate^{a, b}, ml/min/1.73m², per 10 unit decrease	0.12 (0.08, 0.15)	p<0.001	1.5 (1.3, 1.8)	p<0.001

LVMI ≥ 95th percentile

Average of current visit and previous visits.

Based on estimating equations from Schwartz GJ et al., Kidney Int 2012; 82:445–453.

BMI – body mass index; CKD – chronic kidney disease; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; SBP – systolic blood pressure; LVH – left ventricular hypertrophy; LVMI – left ventricular mass index; SD – standard deviation