Comparison 4. Crystalloid: rapid coload vs preload.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
4.1 Women with hypotension requiring intervention	5	384	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.59, 0.83]
4.2 Hypertension requiring intervention	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.67 [0.42, 6.60]
4.3 Women with bradycardia	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.43 [0.59, 3.45]
4.4 Women with nausea or vomiting	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.4.1 Women with nausea	3	210	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.98 [1.26, 3.12]
4.4.2 Women with vomiting	2	160	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	2.33 [0.98, 5.58]
4.5 Neonates with acidosis (pH < 7.2)	2	110	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Not estimable
4.6 Apgar < 8 at 5 min	3	210	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Not estimable