Comparison 13. Ephedrine vs crystalloid.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
13.1 Women with hypotension requiring intervention	9	613	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.60 [0.47, 0.78]
13.2 Women with hypertension requiring intervention	3	280	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.10 [0.37, 3.28]
13.3 Women with bradycardia	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 7.99]
13.4 Women with nausea and/or vomiting	5		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.4.1 Nausea and/or vomiting	2	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.48, 2.08]
13.4.2 Nausea	3	220	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.54 [0.31, 0.93]
13.4.3 Vomiting	3	220	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.31, 1.05]
13.5 Women with impaired consciousness	1	46	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.09, 1.86]
13.6 Neonates with acidosis (pH < 7.2)	2	218	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.41 [0.48, 4.15]
13.7 Neonatal Apgar score	5		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.7.1 Apgar < 8 at 5 min	4	226	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	3.00 [0.13, 71.92]
13.7.2 Apgar < 7 at 5 min	1	120	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Not estimable