Arora 2015.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	90 women Inclusion criteria: ASA grade I/II, full term (36‐40 weeks' gestation), uncomplicated singleton pregnancy, elective LSCS under spinal anaesthesia Exclusion criteria: fetal distress, antepartum haemorrhage, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, diabetes mellitus, multiple gestation, significant cardiorespiratory disorder or intrapartum cardiomyopathy Setting: India
Interventions	Colloid preload versus colloid coload versus crystalloid preload Group 1: 10 mL/kg colloid preload (6% HES administered 20 min prior to SAB) Group 2: 10 mL/kg colloid co‐load (6% HES administered by rapid infusion in 10 min immediately after SAB) Group 3: 10 mL/kg crystalloid preload (Ringer's lactate administered 20 min prior to SAB) All women received the same aspiration prophylaxis, anaesthetic technique and dose, IV cannula. 10 min after induction of spinal anaesthesia, normal saline was given in all 3 groups at rate of 200 mL/h. Hypotension was treated by increasing rate of fluid infusion and IV ephedrine 5 mg until the BP had improved to within 20% of baseline.
Outcomes	Maternal: incidence of hypotension, dose of ephedrine
Notes	Hypotension was defined as SBP < 80% baseline
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated random allocation
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	None reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	None apparent
Other bias	Low risk	None apparent