Chan 1997.
Study characteristics | ||
Methods | RCT | |
Participants | 46 women Inclusion criteria: healthy parturients with normal pregnancies undergoing elective CS at term Exclusion criteria: not specified Setting: China |
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Interventions |
Prophylactic ephedrine versus crystalloid preload Group 1: ephedrine 0.25 mg/kg in 5 mL normal saline over 3 min immediately after spinal injection Group 2: Hartmann's solution 20 mL/kg 10‐15 min prior to spinal injection Standardised spinal anaesthetic technique and dose |
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Outcomes |
Maternal: hypotension); level of sensory block; Doppler ultrasound uterine blood flow measurements before and 5 min after spinal injection; nausea and vomiting; shivering; cardiac dysrhythmia; uterine incision‐birth time Neonatal: arterial and venous cord blood gases; Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min |
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Notes | Hypotension defined as a decrease in systolic pressure of > 20% of baseline | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | "Randomly assigned": method not described |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Method not described |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Neonatal assessment only (a preoperative Doppler ultrasound of uterine blood flow conducted by obstetrician who was blinded to the "treatment received") – no further details |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Methods not described |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Losses to follow‐up: none |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Most expected outcomes reported |
Other bias | Low risk | Similar baseline characteristics |