Faydaci 2011.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	90 women Inclusion criteria: ASA1‐2, elective CS under SAB Exclusion criteria: not stated Setting: Turkey
Interventions	Crystalloid preload: different doses Group 1: 10 mL/kg Ringer's lactate Group 2: 15 mL/kg Ringer's lactate Group 3: 20 mL/kg Ringer's lactate All preloads administered over 15 min before SAB with subsequent ephedrine infusion commenced immediately after SAB All women received standardised premedication/fasting, spinal dose and technique, position, monitoring Hypotension was treated with 10 mg IV bolus ephedrine
Outcomes	Maternal: incidence of hypotension, nausea and vomiting, total amount ephedrine Neonatal: cord blood gas analysis, Apgars at 1 min and 5 min
Notes	Hypotension defined as decrease in MAP of > 20%
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated random numbers
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	"Enclosed system" presumably means covered
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Not apparent
Other bias	Low risk	Not apparent