Lin 1999.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	60 women Inclusion criteria: healthy parturients undergoing primary or repeat CS, gestation 33‐41 weeks, uncomplicated singleton, not in labour, ASA I
Interventions	Colloid preload versus crystalloid preload Group 1: 500 mL dextran 40 (n = 30) Group 2: 1000 mL Ringer's lactate (n = 30) Study drug administered over 20 min prior to spinal All women received a standardised spinal anaesthetic technique with variable dose (1.8‐2.2mL 0.5% bupivacaine).
Outcomes	Maternal: hypotension; uterine incision‐delivery time; estimated blood loss; urine output; nausea Neonatal: Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min
Notes	Hypotension defined as SBP < 70% baseline
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinding not mentioned
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinding not mentioned
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Losses to follow‐up: not stated
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	Not apparent