Selvan 2004.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	60 women Inclusion criteria: healthy women awaiting elective caesarean under spinal anaesthesia
Interventions	Colloid vs crystalloid preload Group 1: HES 6% w/v 500 mL Group 2: HES 6% w/v 1000 mL Group 3: Hartmann's solution 1500 mL All women were placed in the left lateral position and fluid was then preloaded over 15 min. All women received a standardised anaesthetic technique and dose.
Outcomes	Maternal: hypotension; heart rate; BP; ephedrine use Neonatal: cord gases
Notes	Hypotension defined as 20% reduction in SBP
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	"Double blind" – no further details
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	"Double blind" – no further details
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Losses to follow‐up not stated
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Not apparent, but not well reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	Not apparent, but not well reported