Ueyama 1992.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	100 women (60 non‐labouring women scheduled for elective caesarean and 40 labouring women for emergency caesarean) Exclusion criteria: women with placenta praevia, abruptio placenta; toxaemia
Interventions	Ephedrine (various doses) versus control Group1: ephedrine 5 mg Group 2: ephedrine 10 mg Group 3: no ephedrine Ephedrine was administered with the spinal. All women received a standardised preload of 1000 mL Ringer's lactate, a standardised spinal anaesthetic technique and dose.
Outcomes	Maternal: hypotension; SAP
Notes	Hypotension was defined as SAP lower than 80 mmHg
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Methods not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Methods not describe
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinding not stated
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinding not stated
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Losses to follow‐up: not stated
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear reporting
Other bias	Unclear risk	Unclear reporting