Ueyama 2002.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	20 women Inclusion criteria: healthy women scheduled for elective caesarean during spinal anaesthesia
Interventions	Prophylactic ephedrine versus prophylactic phenylephrine Group 1: 40 mg ephedrine Group 2: 250 µg phenylephrine All women were given Ringer's lactate at a rate of 100 mL/hour immediately after ephedrine or phenylephrine. All women received a standardised spinal anaesthetic technique and dose followed by standardised surgical positioning.
Outcomes	Maternal: hypotension; cardiac output
Notes	Hypotension defined as a drop in SBP of > 20% and < 100 torr
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Methods not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Methods not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinding: "in a double‐blind fashion" – no further details
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	As above
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Not reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Not apparent
Other bias	Low risk	Not apparent